Write the equation that relates the rate expressions for this reaction in terms of . Get our latest posts and insights delivered directly to your inbox. John Howard, M.D. The most spontaneously reactive species are usually not spontaneously produced themselves. Contact with organic materials may result in spontaneous ignition. Is a particle accelerator weapon feasible? If, however, this coat is melted or scrubbed off, and has no chance to reform, the operator is confronted with the problem of coping with a metal-fluorine fire. Some of this, under ordinary circumstances, might be considered protective equipment. This creates a thin fluoride layer inside the container, which won't disturb the CIF3. They isolated the compound chlorine trifluoride (ClF3), which was liquid (check!) Not sure about sword-chucks, but sword fights. It is used in rocket fuels and in processing nuclear . It can be kept in some of the ordinary structural metals-steel, copper, aluminium, etc.-because of the formation of a thin film of insoluble metal fluoride which protects the bulk of the metal, just as the invisible coat of oxide on aluminium keeps it from burning up in the atmosphere. Nope, it's straight to the Iron Man look. How? There's a report from the early 1950s (in this PDF) of a one-ton spill of the stuff. For dealing with this situation, I have always recommended a good pair of running shoes.". You have to coax it into existence, and even then it threatens to non-exist and you alongside it. But we don't really have to worry about that too much. ), perchloryl fluoride (! Quoting John Drury Clark: It is, of course, extremely toxic, but that's the least of the problem. | Gizmodo Interview, 2,807 Lego Pieces LaterWe Have The Mighty Bowser | io9 Builds, NPR Is Going Dark on Twitter | Future Tech, Includes two crews of minifigures - 4 classic crew minifigures: Han Solo, Chewbacca, Princess Leia and C-3PO, plus 3 Star Wars Episode VII/VIII crew minifigures: Older Han Solo, Rey and Finn, chlorine trifluoride, hydrogen fluoride, chlorine and hydrogen chloride, The Accidental Discovery of Saccharin, and the Truth About Whether Saccharin is Bad for You. Really, how often have we heard the "but mutagenic weapons have been banned by all civilized species!" If some ClF3 happens to destroy your enemy, most likely it won't affect you at the same time, since it's all far away, and there's not enough of it to cover the distance. Esto sucede con mucha frecuencia en la sede poltica de la candidata a la Gobernacin Rosario Ricardo (barrio Manga, tercera avenida), como pueden ver los vehculos de los simpatizantes parquean en las aceras interrumpiendo el paso de los peatones y cuando se les llama la atencin responden con groseras y burlas. Lets look at a couple: First, Dr. Lowe was musing on the ever-present sand-bucket in the corner of chemistry labs, and wondered if there was anything that if dumped in there would just set the sand on fire. The abomination that is ClF3 is disgustingly reactive, and even the products if you let it roam wild are acutely toxic and reactive (less reactive than ClF3 but still). And thats at room temperature. If you liked this article, you might also enjoy: Melissa writes for the wildly popular interesting fact website TodayIFoundOut.com. That details the fun you can have with chloride trifluoride, and believe me, it continues (along with its neighbor, bromine trifluoride) to be on the Things I Wont Work With list. For dealing with this situation, I have always recommended a good pair of running shoes.. Director. At seven hundred freaking degrees, fluorine starts to dissociate into monoatomic radicals, thereby losing its gentle and forgiving nature. Space requires a lot of energy, so if it's at larger scale than us earthlings going around the Solar system, a spaceship has access to some energy source probably more powerful than nuclear or thermonuclear. Its been used in the semiconductor industry to clean oxides off of surfaces, at which activity it no doubt excels. Kecuali dinyatakan lain, data di atas berlaku pada temperatur dan tekanan standar (25 C [77 F], 100 kPa). Of course, the enemy can try to destroy the bomb before the reaction has even started, just like missile defense this days tries to stop ICBMs. After reading this youre probably curious about what possible purpose this chemical could serve that doesnt involve trying to recreate a scene from a Michael Bay movie. or w/e i introduce myself as. It burned its way through a foot of concrete floor and chewed up another meter of sand and gravel beneath, completing a day that Im sure no one involved ever forgot. 2.1.2 Odor 2.1.3 2.1,11 Chlorine trifluoride odor has been re~orted as both sweet ~nd pungent, similar to chlorine or mustard. Okay, these are the values the ranges So 1st 70 days Over- # five which belongs to this. It can be kept in some of the ordinary structural metals-steel, copper, aluminium, etc.-because of the formation of a thin film of insoluble metal fluoride which protects the bulk of the metal, just as the invisible coat of oxide on aluminium keeps it from burning up in the atmosphere. And countermeasures similar to those of ICBMs can be built into ClF3 factory-bomb (decoys, antiradar measures, etc.). Sprinkling this chemical on virtually any other thing will start a fire that cannot be extinguished. From 1938, construction commenced on a partly bunkered, partly subterranean 14,000m2 (150,000sqft) munitions factory, the Falkenhagen industrial complex, which was intended to produce 90 tonnes of N-Stoff per month, in addition to sarin (a deadly nerve agent). Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been. This article first appeared on Curiosity.com. The fluoride coating on the storage chamber or in the weapon being used to launch it develops an imperfection, and the substance chews through and destroys the equipment. Simple Things theme by Dan Hauk. Indirectly useful? There are only a few chemicals which. These reactions are often violent, and in some cases explosive, especially with flammable materials. The only known way to store chlorine trifluoride safely, which we use in the loosest possible sense, is to put it inside of a sealed containers made of steel, iron, nickel or copper which are able to contain the chemical safely if theyre first treated with flourine gas. Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Yes, at hundreds of degrees below zero, this stuff sets ice on fire. Safety and Health If, however, this coat is melted or scrubbed off, and has no chance to reform, the operator is confronted with the problem of coping with a metal-fluorine fire. Now, sure, you can handle chlorine trifluoride safely . The careless. "Do not be omitting the stirring, then. Of all the dangerous chemical gases, chlorine trifluoride is known to be the most flammable. Use Raster Layer as a Mask over a polygon in QGIS, How small stars help with planet formation. CIF3 is an effective oxidizer, one that's arguably too effective. Once it turns into a gas, ClF3 is colorless with a sweet and pungent odor. Your question can be generalized as "oxidizer weapon". Since the war, the compound has been banned under the Chemical Weapons Convention. Untitled - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. According to reports released by the Soviets following WW2, Nazi trials involving substance N were promising. because of the formation of a thin film of insoluble metal fluoride which protects the bulk of the metal, just as the invisible coat of oxide on aluminium keeps it from burning up in the atmosphere. ClF3 reacts violently with water and exposure to the reaction also results in burns. Wax is similarly unaffected by many of the gasses released by chlorine trifluoride when it reacts with other substances. Chlorine trifluoride appears as a colorless gas or green liquid with a pungent odor. ut non et, dapibus. Imagine doing that from some ancient battle in a "million-to-one chances happen all the time" Star-Trek-ish sort of way. About the author Derek Lowe Comments For instance, its great for plasmaless cleaning of certain surfaces used in semiconductor manufacturing and it also works well at cleaning uranium residue off of the walls of nuclear power plants and removing built up oxides. Cesium2. What chance has any oxidizer to compete with the annihilation power scale? The substance is so highly reactive that famously unreactive elements like platinum, osmium and iridium will begin to corrode when they come into contact with it. That means that it can potentially go on to burn things that you would normally consider already burnt to hell and gone, and a practical consequence of that is that itll start roaring reactions with things like bricks and asbestos tile. . The spaceship gets hit by something, causing a breach that releases chlorine trifluoride and unleashes hell. There's something really, really big in the middle of our Milky Way galaxy one of the largest structures ever observed in the region, in fact. Chlorine trifluoride has been investigated as a high-performance storable oxidizer in rocket propellant systems. "It can be kept in some of the ordinary structural metals steel, copper, aluminium, etc. You say that that's still about all it's good for? originally appeared on Quora: the place to gain and share knowledge, empowering people to learn from others and better understand the world. The chlorine trifluoride market consists of sales of chlorine trifluoride by entities (organizations, sole traders, and partnerships) that refer to colorless gas or green liquid with a. This colorless, poisonous, corrosive, and extremely reactive gas condenses to a pale-greenish yellow liquid, the form in which it is most often sold (pressurized at room temperature). T-shaped molecular geometry. Again, more conventional munitions would probably be sufficient to cripple a ship from the inside, and your ship will probably have some onboard already. Are there some dangerous experiments that scientists/physicists are too afraid to execute? It remains, with its chemical relatives, off in a part of chemical science that's safe from human exploitation. It's a spacious game preserve, that territory, and over the gate is the ornate motto Noli me tangere. It also has a nice fat density, about 1.81 at room temperature. Lets put it this way: during World War II, the Germans were very interested in using it in self-igniting flamethrowers, but found it too nasty to work with. Are there some dangerous experiments that scientists/physicists are too afraid to execute? ), and on, and on. Or it's used intentionally as a nasty disgusting weapon that people normally don't use to shock the enemy. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. It must have been one helluva weapon if even Hitler didn't use it (Spoiler Alert: It was). After all, its a substance that reacts explosively with water (humans are largely bags of water), and for those that dont come in contact with it directly, theres the byproduct of the deadly gasses. It is an extremely strong oxidant and decomposes into oxygen and fluorine even at 160 C (113 K) at a rate of 4% per day its lifetime at room temperature is thus extremely short. Some of this, under ordinary circumstances, might be considered protective equipment. 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The space, however, is made of space, lots of it :) So typically, there will be quite a bunch of space between you and your enemy, be it spaceship combat or orbital bombardment. [F-].F [Cl++] Reacts with benzene, toluene, ether, alcohol, acetic acid, selenium tetrafluoride, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, alkali, hexane. [12], It was first reported in 1930 by Ruff and Krug who prepared it by fluorination of chlorine; this also produced Chlorine monofluoride (ClF) and the mixture was separated by distillation.[13]. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Well, thats because chlorine trifluoride is a more powerful oxidizing agent by mass than oxygen itself. Chlorine trifluoride is such an effective oxidizer that it can even potentially set fire to things that have seemingly already been burned up, like ash or spent charcoal. We may earn a commission from links on this page. In the 1930s, scientists Otto Ruff and H. Krug set out to find something easier to handle, but just as reactive. In contrary to chlorine, it would not damage biological tissues. So this is true cost Peter is one Coffee Table to one. It is known to ignite sand, asbestos, glass, and even ashes of substances that have already burned in oxygen. Discovery, Inc. or its subsidiaries and affiliates. The greatest danger I can think of for my ships crew is they will be distracted by their hysterical laughter once they realize what you shot at them. Chlorine trifluoride and gases like it have been reported to ignite sand, asbestos, and other highly fire-retardant materials. Surely the nuclear reaction has more energy than any sort of oxidizing, no matter how intense or quick. Boils at 53F. Chlorine trifluoride is a colorless gas or green liquid with a pungent odor. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Cheng 1996. . The following passage by rocket scientist John D. Clark is widely quoted in descriptions of the substance's extremely hazardous nature: One that I want to point out is that for this weapon to be effective you must first hit an enemy with the shell. That details the fun you can have with chloride trifluoride, and believe me, it continues (along with its neighbor, bromine trifluoride) to be on the "Things I Won't Work With" list. It will not only set water on fire, but water makes it explode. It is hypergolic with every known fuel, and so rapidly hypergolic that no ignition delay has ever been measured. I ran out of vulgar expletives after the second page. Chlorine trifluoride was initially first observed back in 1930 by German chemists Otto Ruff and H. Krug after experimenting with chlorine monofluoride, an already dangerous substance, and theorising about the existence of a higher fluoride species. Or it's just banned by acting rules of engagement. And best played with friends. Rather fortunately, chlorine trifluoride. As an example of the kind of devastation chlorine trifluoride can have, you only need to consider what happened when almost a ton of this stuff was accidentally spilled inside of a warehouse in the 1950s. All rights reserved. Have you heard the joke about the universal solvent? But so would the exact same impact from a traditional chemical munition, or even just an inert kinetic impactor. The molecular geometry of ClF3 is approximately T-shaped, with one short bond (1.598) and two long bonds (1.698). The Nazis working in the Falkenhagen Bunker referred to chlorine trifluoride simply as Substance N or N-Stoff and were planning to store it inside specially designed shells which could be used in battle. What is it like to work with liquid helium? One of the few substances known to be completely unreactive with chlorine trifluoride is ordinary candle wax. 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May result in spontaneous ignition by chlorine trifluoride ( ClF3 ), which wo n't disturb the CIF3 more than!