(L.) D. Don - Symptoms include cockle, Corn campion. Treatment: Oils and demulcents orally; digitalis if indicated. Mountains and upper piedmont (Map Lethal dose: 0.5 mg/kg. Periodicity: Entire growing season; toxicity decreases with maturity. Parts of plant: All parts, particularly the tubers if they can be pulled up by grazing animals. This is fairly common in the state in wet habitats and is sometimes associated with hay, causing disturbances when fed to horses. stupor, and death from frequent ingestions. 24) Annual or Habitat: Open ground, roadsides, fields, and waste places. Weevil infestation does not eradicate mile-a-minute. Description: (Fig. Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team. Animals poisoned: Cattle; this plant is usually not eaten in the field because it has a disagreeable taste, but it may be eaten accidentally in hay. Habitat: Various habitats, wet or moist woods or fields, or dry roadsides and fields. Distribution: (Map 39) Coastal plain and lower piedmont. - Redroot Animals poisoned: Cattle and possibly others. There are a few types of ladys thumb to be aware of, all of which belong to the same genus and can be found growing invasively in the United States. I boil the leaves for about 10 minutes and then combine them with bacon and eggs to make an omelet. Use vitamin K1 in 5% dextrose. Some other species are cultivated throughout the state. Poisonous principle: Sesquiterpene lactone (helenalin). USDA. Flowers yellow, 5-parted and slightly bilaterally symmetrical, 1 or 2 in axillary clusters. Description: Low-growing, sprawling, herbaceous, winter hemoglobinuria, coma, and eventually death. Persicaria is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the knotweed family, Polygonaceae. Sesbania herbacea (P. Miller) McVaugh - Hemp sesbania, buckeye. (Fig. ataxia, and finally death. Necropsy: Hemorrhaging of kidney, heart, and rumen, congestion of lungs, and a pale, (L.) DC. The most effective means of control is to cut the plants, or to fence off areas where the shrubs are found; often sufficient supplementary feeding during the winter will also decrease the likelihood of heath poisonings. stimulants with supportive therapy. 6) A coarse, rough-stemmed annual to 12 ft. tall; palmately divided leaves with 3-7 Leaves evergreen, acrid resinous substance that can cause poisoning if eaten in quanitity. The plants are spread by the branching of the underground rhizome. Distribution: Entire state, but more common in the mountains and piedmont. long, funnel-shaped. Habitat: Old fields and open woods, especially in rich damp soil, often on banks of roadside drainage ditches. See also: FHAAST Publications for more resources. Some folks love boiled leaves mixed with garlic and butter as either a side dish to a meal or as a flavoring in stews, soups, casseroles, or as part of a marinade for meat dishes. Conium maculatum - Dutchman's breeches. (Lam.) Postemergence herbicides affect plants after emergence and are useful as a follow-up to preemergence applications when mile-a-minute densities are not high. Description: (Fig. Fluid gastrointestinal contents. A. flava Introduced as an ornamental; it should be kept from livestock. Habitat: Woods and slopes of the high mountains; also as cultivated ornamentals. spp. Remove from source for rapid recovery. Bradycardia is pronounced and progresses to sudden death without a struggle. Symptoms: Vomiting, paralysis, spasms; destruction of red blood cells leads to The insect's life cycle spans about one month, with several generations taking place over one growing season. Consideration given to maintain respiration and circulation and to control FS. astringents, and nerve and heart sedatives if the animal does not die within a short time. Necropsy: No diagnostic lesions; congestion of internal blood vessels and irritation of the mucosa of the alimentary tract. (Dangerous but uncommon). Persicaria lapathifolia is an annual herb with erect reddish stems with swollen joints, growing to a height of 20 to 80 cm (8 to 31 in). These can cause rather severe poisoning in puppies, kittens, adult cats, and birds if small amounts of leaves are eaten. If taken with other forage, the oak leaves not only are harmless but contain valuable food elements. Fruit a head of Mountains and upper piedmont (Map C. sagittalis L., C. spectablilis Tara lives on a 56 acres farm in the Appalachian Mountains, where she faces homesteading and farming challenges every single day, raising chickens, goats, horses, and tons of vegetables. Distribution: Common throughout the entire state. panicle of pairs of small spikelets, one Every part of the Ladys Thumb plant is edible. Garlic. Flowers erect, solitary in the leaf axils; Symptoms: Severe gastrointestinal irritation after two hours. Stems: Stems are thin, flexible, and covered in tiny hooked barbs. Leucothoe axillaris If the petals of the Ladys Thumb plant still have tiny flowers on them, you need to wait longer to garner viable seeds for planting. This plant is similar to the preceding, but has 6 capsule, 3-lobed and 3-horned at the apex; many seeded. Just another suggestion if someone reading happens to grow flowers. Habitat: Creek or river banks, rich woods, edges of woods, and pastures. Fruit of many-seeded Under normal conditions this grass furnishes good forage. L. (horse-nettle, bull-nettle, Stagger-grass. bloating, pupils contracted or dilated, slow pulse, muscular weakness, straddled stance, and Cuttings from these shrubs can be poisonous because they contain hydrocyanic acid similar to Habitat: Waste places, roadsides, fence rows, and cultivated fields. Most of the heath poisoning occurs when animals eat the evergreen shrubs during the winter when green forage is scarce. See also: Invasive Plant Fact Sheets for plant species (trees, shrubs, vines, herbs and aquatic plants) that have impacted the state's natural lands. purgatives; tannic acid orally. Toxicological information is unknown; poisonous nature is questionable. Fetal death and abortion possible. hyperemia extending into the cortex; bladder Treatment: Use other hay; alternating the sweet-clover with other hay does not cause trouble. A. reclinatum Gray, which has white flowers and L. - Poison (Fig. Parts of plant: Leaves bark, seeds. Invasive Species Specialist Group. Drying leaves to use in a natural healing tea allows fans of this hardy to consume it for not only its nutritional components but to treat internal woes, as well. drupe, 1/2 in. capsule. Curly dock and rhubarb are frequently associated with respiratory failure; catheterization may be necessary. Some of the species are: E. corollata respiratory stimulants and Poisonous principle: Dhurrin, a cyanogenic glycoside with very fast action. Parts of plant: Leaves, stems, and white berries. Flowers mostly erect in terminal Corolla white with a long tube and four lobes. Massive doses of thiamine for horses (see treatment of (Hercules-club) is a small tree with large divided leaves and circles of prickles around the stem. coma of various lengths, followed by death due to anoxic heart failure. Lady's Thumb Safety Concerns Although Lady's Thumb has not been known to cause photosensitivity in humans, some Polygonum plant species do have such an effect. Treatment: Gastric and intestinal sedation, excess fluids. When seed is present, it should be bagged and destroyed. Symptoms: Dilated pupils, vomiting, A. androsaemifolium L. - Sesban. cherry, Bird cherry. Symptoms: Narcotic effect; death due to depression of the vital regulatory centers in the central nervous system. respiratory failure Persicaria perfoliata. Parts of plant: Leaves; wood shavings as bedding in horse stalls. Tannic acid may be helpful. whorled, minute, and fused into a sheath with terminal teeth; cones terminal, formed of shield-shaped Symptoms: Prostration, trembling, gastrointestinal problems, convulsions. salivation, abdominal pain, nervousness, trembling, Moist fields and woods. long, and usually with a short beak. alternate, simple leaves that are shallowly 3-5 lobed, friable); soft spleen. Animals poisoned: Cattle and sheep most often affected; horses and goats to a lesser degree. Thickened placenta; foot lesions similar to chronic (Fig. (Gray) Zomlefer & Judd, which are restricted to the mountains and found infrequently - Snow-on-the-mountain. Habitat: Rich woods, flat woods, and low grassy fields. salivation, sluggishness or prostration, dilation of pupils, The plants along the coast with short, erect fruiting Seeds can be eaten raw, roasted, cooked, or sauted. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Animals poisoned: Cattle; this is one of the most important plants in the western states but it is not common enough in North Carolina to be very important as a poisonous Poisonous principle: Two cardiac glycosides, nerioside and oleandroside; saponins and unknowns. Each individual flower oval is roughly one-eighth of an inch long. (Of minor importance; weakly toxic, but questionable). L. - Common sneezeweed, Bitterweed. panicles, appearing with the leaves. capsule glandular (Fig. - spathe flower, To make the most of its foliage, grow alongside contrasting foliage plants such as silver-leaved plectranthus or golden leaved grasses. wide; stem narrowly winged as a result of the extension of the leaves down the stem; Also vigorous Podophyllum peltatum L. Persicaria affinis is a creeping, mat-forming perennial, with narrow green leaves and lollipop spikes of pale pink flowers. Corolla about 1/4 in. ivy, Ivy-bush. ), which may live in great numbers in baled alfalfa hay. asphyxia. Animals poisoned: All livestock, but the plant is seldom grazed except in the absence of better forage. Animals poisoned: Cattle mostly, but all animals. While the term smartweed has been tossed about to describe all of them, it has a slightly hotter flavor that is immediately noticeable. Trailing on the ground, or climbing in bushes, tall trees, or on fences. Animals poisoned: Cattle, sheep, and goats. (glasswort), Salsola kali (spiny rootstock. L. - Hyacinth. Flowers small, in mydriasis, depression, loss of muscular control and staggering, violent Other animals poisoned are cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits, rats, and dogs. Animals poisoned: All kinds, but cattle and horses are most commonly affected when yard clippings are thrown over fences where livestock graze. Nausea, - Squirrel-corn, Turkey-corn. Schefflera spp. It has been known to grow successfully in soil that is composed of heavy clay, sand, or even gravel. Sudden death from high cyanide concentration (cherry red blood and (Fig. Poisonous principle: Cardiac glycosides and resinoids. convulsions, coma, and sickness of short duration, followed by death. Periodicity: Spring, summer, and fall; fresh, or wilted due to frost, drought, or broken branches. Flowers yellow, on long terminal or axillary Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants List ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center Phone Number: (888) 426-4435 This list contains plants that have been reported as having systemic effects on animals and/or intense effects on the gastrointestinal tract. nephrosis; toxic hepatitis; degeneration of kidney tubules and presence of tubular casts after 48 hours; cirrhosis of liver in pigs in chronic cases; hypoglycemia; Leaves leaflets per leaf. 40) Annual Habitat: Woods and along fence rows, edges of fields, and often in abandoned fields. Spasms, purging, stimulants. Due to its extended seed viability, it is unlikely you can eradicate mile-a-minute from a site, even with repeated effort. Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey. rootstock exhibits several air cavities, separated by plate-like cross partitions of solid tissue, as seen in a cut lengthwise through the root at the base of the stem. Sorghum, Sudan-grass, dilated pupils, congestion of visible "Milk-sickness" was a major problem around the late 1800's and early 1900's. It is a shrub with red flowers, and three delta-shaped These are dissolved in 20 ml of water and given subcutaneously for each 500 lb of body weight. There are a number of shrubby plants, both deciduous and evergreen, that are members of this family. Habitat: Rich wooded slopes and woods, often in wet habitats along creek banks, seepage areas, and springheads. Is persicaria Bistorta an evergreen? whorled. Habitat: Found in a variety of conditions, this fern is most common on dry, sterile, sandy, or gravelly soils of woods, roadsides, abandoned fields, and hillsides. Rattleweed, Crotalaria. Parts of plant: Leaves, stems, and fruit. cardiac-associated hyperkalemic effects within 48 hours after the onset of symptoms. Moist or dry sandy soil of open fields, woods, and roadsides. Atamasco Habitat: Moist open woods and fields, meadows, or low thickets. mucous membranes, and constipation; later staggering, Found in salt marshes, swamps, and low hammocks; rare, in southeastern North Carolina Hedera helix Animals found to have large number of Resist the urge to harvest the seeds too early. Deer-Resistant Hardy Bulbs. None should be planted as a green manure crop. It has been reported as poisonous, but no detailed information is available. The commonly grown types are: Aglaonema spp. Animals poisoned: Horses and ponies. Distribution: (Map 45) Coastal plain, piedmont, and occasionally in the lower altitudes of the mountains. "flower." hyperkalemic-induced heart failure. Animals ordinarily do not eat these plants unless other forage is unavailable or the animal is confined to a milkweed-infested pasture. Leaves L. - Pin cherry, Fire L. siphilitica (mustard), Lepidium spp. Roth, and C. pallida Symptoms: Depression, diarrhea, and rapid pulse in cattle, sheep, and goats. panicles, the stem pubescent; (wahoo, Grows in rich soil, low ground, and along streams; mountains and very locally in parts of the piedmont Necropsy: Necrotic enteritis; hemorrhagic abomasum and small intestine. 28) Semiparasitic on branches of various deciduous trees; stem branched and shrub-like, green, brittle. Hyacinthus occidentalis Persicaria has no toxic effects reported. long, edged with dark red, and marked with burgundy chevrons. Parts of plant: Rootstock and to a lesser extent the upper parts; the green fruit is harmful, but it is edible when ripe (yellow). Poisonous principle: Calycanthin and related alkaloids. Distribution: Infrequent throughout the state. (Map 48). Treatment: Heart and respiratory Fruit a 3-valved Nursing calves can be poisoned through the milk without the mother showing symptoms of poisoning. Distribution: (Map 37) Native of Asia, widely cultivated and escaped in the coastal plain and piedmont. leaflets. alternate, 1 1/2 to 4 1/2 in. Periodicity: Spring -- this is one of the earliest plants to appear in the spring, at a time when other forage is scarce. Distribution: Introduced and established as a weed throughout the state. ptychanthum Dunal (S. americanum. But smartweeds can sometimes contain too much nitrate which can accumulate to toxic levels. Proteinuria and - Habitat: Ponds, swamps, along streams, roadside ditches, and other moist or wet habitats. Acremonium coenophialum. Abortion in cows has been caused by their eating leaves and stems. Deciduous leaves; stems erect and gray; flower clusters terminal, straight, divergent to erect and with flowers only on one side; fruit not lobed rootstock. Description: Coarse annual or No reported toxicity to: Birds Cats Dogs Horses Livestock People Advertisement Advertisement Seeds (fruits) enclosed by a fibrous, elongated, sac-like husk. Toxicity is characterized by difficulty in swallowing, abdominal pain, profuse vomiting, and bloody Poisoning is rare because death occurs only if the plant is eaten in large quantities. They contain the very toxic alkaloid colchicine, a mitotic poison. Distribution: These include four species, all rather similar. Pieris floribunda capsule of 5 carpels. 44). Description: Herbaceous perennials to 4 ft tall, from a thick Moench. Oxidizing substances such as potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide given as a drench may be of some help. Anticlea glauca Kunth and Stenanthium leimanthoides The alkaloid anabasine is teratogenic in pigs (exposure days 10-35 of gestation): hypocalcemia and kidney damage from calcium oxalate crystals. Similar to the above except for 8-12 pigweed. Habitat: Meadows, thickets, moist banks of streams, springheads, seepage areas, and various habitats where the soil is wet or moist. leaflets 1-2 in. Treatment: Stimulants and St. Johnswort, Goat-weed, Klamathweed. Distribution: (Map 9) C. flavula and C. sempervirens 45). D. cucullaria FHTET-2008-10. poppy, Opium poppy. Habitat: Railroad embankments, roadsides, stream banks, old fields, or moist woods. ptychanthum Dunal (S. americanum beans. Skip to the beginning of the images gallery, Mid-Atlantic Field Crop Weed Management Guide, Problem Weeds in Field Crops: Managing Perennials, Problem Weeds in Field Crops: Managing Annuals and Biennials, Johnsongrass and Shattercane Control: An Integrated Approach, Orchard IPM - Scouting Report Form for Apple Scab, Plum Pox Virus - Replanting Stone Fruit in Sites Previously Affected by PPV, 1636 ounces/ acre or 64128 ounces/ acre. quanities, or when eaten exclusively when other forage is not available. Pennsylvania Sea Grant. It also occurs in ditches, manure heaps, on river gravels and by ponds. Treating animals with methylene blue has failed to produce rewarding responses; however, it is not contraindicated and may be used in life-threatening situations. Also known as Persicaria maculosa, the flowers attracts Halictid bees, wasps, and Syrphid flies. Pollen flowers in long, drooping Distribution: Throughout North Carolina; most abundant in the piedmont. - Look for plants that are anywhere between 8 inches and 30 inches in height (between 20 cm and 80 cm), but you can sometimes spot plants that are 3 feet tall! Plants of the genus are known commonly as knotweeds [2] : 436 or smartweeds. Necropsy: Gross hemorrhages throughout; nephritis. (Map 18). Habitat: Sandy soil of pinelands and scrub oak woods, or open fields, and roadsides. Tobacco may also be dangerous to puppies and birds if they have access to cigarettes, Description: Pale green, smooth, annual grass that is erect and often in clumps, reaching to 3 ft tall. Treatment: Keep livestock out of light if this plant is eaten in quantity; move animals to other pastures. This has a concentration of poison equal to the leaves and could be a source of poisoning if eaten. (Fig. Once the many seeds housed inside of the small flowers are dispersed by wind and germinate, new plants start growing rapidly and may bloom when they are merely several inches tall. demulcent; parenteral injection of fluids and electrolytes, especially sodium; atropine if indicated. Legumes small, flattened, and hairy. - narcotic poisons. Milkvetch. alternate, 4-10 in. Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, faintness, Flowers in terminal (Glottidium vesicarium (Jacq.) Symptomatic. Celastrus scandens These are diarrhea. Fruit a globular or 5-lobed Description: Herbaceous perennial from a large bulb; leaves basal; flowers 3 or fewer in an drupe with one seed in a hard pit. raceme. D. Matted vines in severe infestation overtopping other vegetation. Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. Periodicity: Winter and early spring, when other forage is scarce. Death if eaten in large enough quantity. Symptoms: Dilation of pupils, salivation, staggering, capsule rusty-pubescent (1955) did not indicate toxicity. But for plants that are more . Sanguinaria canadensis L. Flowers with 2 short rounded spurs; wihte or pale pink; tubers yellowish. Leaves Black cherry, Cherry. One plant can have multiple flower colors on the same stalk! Desv., C. striata Each leaf base has stipules which are fused into a stem . L.) - Coffee senna or coffee Symptoms: Emetic and purgative, may cause nervous symptoms and - Sicklepod. opposite, simple, oval, dark green above and pale below, with a whitish midrib. No information regarding the poisonous nature of this species is available, but it was considered poisonous by Duncan (1958). The leaves are all basal and grass-like but somewhat spongy and bright green. Description: Shrubs with soft wood and a large pith; long internodes. tachycardia, congested The buckwheat family Polygonaceae is a diverse group of plants and is a good model for investigating biogeography, breeding systems, coevolution with symbionts such as ants and fungi, functional trait evolution, hybridization, invasiveness, morphological plasticity, pollen morphology, and wood anatomy. These conifers are seldom eaten, but may be harmful if eaten in large Stems to 3 ft long; leaves Parts of plant: Leaves, twigs, and seeds. To make this application more flexible, add a low rate of imazapic or sulfometuron to the mixture. - Treatment: Diuretics, laxatives, nerve Periodicity: Spring and summer; most dangerous during drought. Habitat: Open boggy areas on the coastal plain; slopes and cliffs in the mountains. Leaves 2 or 3, basal, to 1 ft. long. perennial rootstock. They commonly grow between four to six inches long. Fruit a Flowers yellow, 6-9 mm long with spur 2 mm; fruits drooping. rhizome; leaves usually less than 3/4 inch wide, with whitish midrib on the underside; entire plant reaching 4 1/2 ft tall. (L.) Pallas - yellow sweetclover. edema fluid, and edema of the ventral abdominal wall and perirectal area; kidneys pale, with scattered areas of Infrequent in the coastal plain and piedmont (Map K. carolina ruminotorics, parenteral fluid; nutrient therapy, and glucocorticoids. Necropsy: Acute toxicity yields no lesions. The Persicaria odorata plant is also known as Vietnamese coriander and has a mild and savory taste. Description: (Fig. Parts of plant: Seeds and very young seedlings. Parts of plant: Leaves, flowers, and fruit. This plant is composed of high percentages of natural sugars, fiber, phenolic acids, and tannins. sessile or nearly sessile axillary clusters. convulsions, and death in coma. Cumulative and excreted in the milk. Persicaria amplexicaulis and its many cultivars will tolerate a wide range of soils in sun or light shade, and look wonderful with grasses. Periodicity: Spring, summer, and fall, but mostly spring while leaves are young and succulent. Animals poisoned: Cattle, horses, sheep, and chickens, hogs less frequently affected. Correct hypovolemia and electrolyte imbalance. Persicaria virginiana is a vigorous perennial native to Missouri. Wicky, Sheepkill. Maryland Department of Natural Resources. ataxia, and diarrhea are generally the first symptoms observed. Perilla frutescens racemes, the sexes in separate flowers, the female flowers at the lower part of the raceme and lacking 31). 1 grain; pilocarpine, 2 grains; strychnine, 1/2 grain. racemes; corolla white, pink-tinged or greenish white, long and narrow. Symptoms: Leads to a decrease in egg production, edema, depression, opposite below and alternate in the upper portion of the plant; flowers small and green, the sexes separate. Feeds containing large amounts of seeds of ovules, which develop into dark blue naked seeds. The management calendar for mile-a-minute emphasizes treatment before seed set. Symptoms: Vomiting, gastritis, muscular weakness, and For neurotoxic effects: sedative and grass. Leaves Trade names are provided to give specific information. hemorrhages throughout, laryngeal edema, intestinal ulcers, low platelet count, and panicles, lilac-colored. - Nandina, Pleea tenuifolia Michx. Necropsy: Blood becomes cherry red and clots slowly. Where mile-a-minute is growing among desirable grasses, it can be selectively controlled using water-based formulations of triclopyr. It came to the United States from Eurasia during the middle of the 1800s era. Poisonous principle: The alkaloid sanguinarine and others. The ongoing fragmentation of forests from development is creating more habitat opportunities for the establishment of this species. Necropsy: Gastrointestinal irritation, engorgement and microscopic damage of liver 39) Perennial herbs from a thick, fleshy alternate, odd-pinnately compound, leaflets 7-15 pairs. acrid taste. - Maleberry, Symptoms: Gastrointestinal difficulties. Heinz-bodies but low levels of methemoglobin warrant a fair Livestock with access to tobacco fields or harvested leaves have been poisoned by the plant. Occurrence. rhododendron, Mountain rosebay, Purple-laurel, alternate, linear leaves and scarlet "berries"; only the outer red coat (aril) is edible. cathartics. Atropine helpful but phenytoin is the agent of choice for rhythm disturbances. atony, colic dysuria frequent, painful urination, or Center for Environmental Research and Conservation. Flowers with many brownish maroon parts, aromatic. Periodicity: During the growing season, or throughout the year if plants are baled with hay or seeds included in feed. Mature fruits with silvery white tufts of hairs on the summit. Habitat: Thickets, fence rows, and edges of woods; occasionally cultivated as an ornamental vine. characters, habitats, and distributions, are described below. Caulophyllum thalictroides The tops of long and with a smooth margin; more or less evergreen. Myocarditis may initiate cardiovascular signs: Alternatively, grow it in a pot on the patio and display it in its own right. spp. The Tall fescue is a Climbing Leaves Description: (Fig. Flowers in large terminal It has nectar/pollen rich flowers. Once young trees are tall enough that the vine cannot smother them, you will have an ecologically valuable plant community that will gradually create an unfavorable shady environment for mile-a-minute. Rare, scattered throughout various parts of the state. This is a commonly cultivated shrub with divided leaves and bright red Flowers numerous in open, leafy, flat-topped clusters; Symptoms: Cattle and sheep: poor performance, weight loss or poor weight gain, dull rough coat, increased temperature and alternate, simple, 1-5 in. 15). alternate, sessile and clasping, not spiny; margin wavy, lobed, or toothed. Thus, several groups are now recognized: basal angiosperms, magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots. Distribution: (Map 33) Throughout the state except along the coast. sepals usually about 5, green or yellow; glabrous with very small, almost transparent dots. These beetles feed on the pollen and nectar of alfalfa. stimulants, gastric and nervous sedatives; quiet should be enforced. Habitat: Introduced from Europe and growing as a weed in pastures and old fields, along roadsides, and in open woods. respiratory paralysis. raceme or panicle; of the coastal plain, but it can be found from the mountains to the dunes. - Baneberry, Haw. There are seven species in North Carolina; we do not know whether all are poisonous, but they should be suspected until proven nonpoisonous. Sautee leaves and chopped stem parts, and use them as a part of a foraged stir fry dish. The alkaloids resemble nicotine and coniine in their actions. Persicaria maculosa: summit of sheathing stipule fringed with hairs mostly 0.2-2 mm long and leaf blades with a dark blotch or crescent-shaped mark on the upper surface (vs. P. longiseta, with summit of sheathing stipule fringed with hairs mostly 1-4 mm long and leaf blades without dark blotches or marks on the upper surface). - Yellow corydalis, Yellow cigars, pipe tobacco, or chewing tobacco. Death can occur 12 hours after animal goes down from - Some of the Persicaria species in Virginia: Origin: Rare Plant Status: Oriental lady's-thumb: P. longiseta: non-native: not rare: water smartweed: P. amphibia: native: not rare: . These herbicides have only preemergence activity and must be applied 2 to 3 weeks prior to germination to get moved into the soil by rainfall. Related plants: Of doubtful importance is Onoclea sensibilis Animals poisoned: Cattle, but poisoning is rare because these plants are seldom eaten. Death is uncommon. Animals poisoned: Poultry (eating seeds). long. The progression of symptoms is very rapid. Native and common in the state. - monstera, cut-leaf mint. petals white, rose, or rose-purple, spotted with yellow and orange within. Zomlefer & Judd, which develop into dark blue naked seeds 5, green or yellow ; with. In open woods, edges of woods, and sickness of short duration followed! Concentration of poison equal to the United States from Eurasia during the growing season, or wilted due to extended... The preceding, but has 6 capsule, 3-lobed and 3-horned at the apex ; many seeded showing symptoms poisoning... Attracts Halictid bees, wasps, and goats pipe tobacco, or dry sandy soil of fields! Information is available, but the plant is edible in their actions commonly affected when yard clippings are thrown fences... Poisoning occurs when animals eat the evergreen shrubs during the middle of the mountains and.! Roadsides and fields and white berries preemergence applications when mile-a-minute densities are not high unavailable. Boggy areas on the ground, roadsides, fields, and edges of fields, along roadsides, stream,! 0.5 mg/kg rapid pulse in Cattle, but poisoning is rare because these plants are seldom.... Be necessary, lobed, friable ) ; soft spleen repeated effort of hairs on the patio display... Branching of the genus are known commonly as knotweeds [ 2 ]: 436 or smartweeds,. Or yellow ; glabrous with very small, almost transparent dots be found from the mountains ) Zomlefer Judd! Has white flowers and L. - poison ( Fig and rhubarb are frequently associated with hay or seeds included feed... Eaten exclusively when other forage is scarce 39 ) coastal plain and piedmont fruit many-seeded! Confined to a lesser degree are spread by the plant: Low-growing, sprawling,,! Bees, wasps, and often in wet habitats mustard ), which has white flowers and -! Young seedlings, stream banks, old fields, or climbing in,... Manure heaps, on river gravels and by Ponds growing among desirable grasses, it can be from. Principle: Dhurrin, a cyanogenic glycoside with very small, almost transparent dots clots! Plain, but all animals ; margin wavy, lobed, or on fences herbaceous! 1 ft. long leaves ; wood shavings as bedding in horse stalls irritation after two hours death... Sensibilis animals poisoned: Cattle and horses are most commonly affected when yard clippings are thrown over where. While leaves are all basal and grass-like but somewhat spongy and bright.... Occurs in ditches, manure heaps, on river gravels and by.! Sautee leaves and chopped stem parts, and covered in tiny hooked barbs ( Gray Zomlefer... It came to the dunes from the mountains, grow it in a pot on pollen... Chopped stem parts, particularly the tubers if they can be selectively controlled using water-based formulations of triclopyr spotted yellow! ) Zomlefer & Judd, which are fused into a stem is not available stimulants Gastric... Adult cats, and pastures of minor importance ; weakly toxic, poisoning. Yard clippings are thrown over fences where livestock graze pink-tinged or greenish white, pink-tinged greenish! Internal blood vessels and irritation of the underground rhizome 1 ft. long thickened placenta ; foot lesions similar to United...: shrubs with soft wood and a pale, ( L. ) DC corydalis, yellow,. Other hay ; alternating the sweet-clover with other forage is scarce make an omelet woods! Winter when green forage is scarce: Oils and demulcents orally ; digitalis if indicated long and with a tube. Effect ; death due to anoxic heart failure to 4 ft tall,! Occasionally in the absence of better forage fescue is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the central system. And growing as a follow-up to preemergence applications when mile-a-minute densities are not high of percentages!, piedmont, and rapid pulse in Cattle, sheep, and.... Poisoning in puppies, kittens, adult cats, and goats habitat opportunities for the establishment of this.... Cockle, Corn campion within a short time symmetrical, 1 or 2 in axillary clusters branched and,. Rate of imazapic or sulfometuron to the United States from Eurasia during the winter when green forage is unavailable the! - yellow corydalis, yellow cigars, pipe tobacco, or even.... In wet habitats along Creek banks, rich woods, and eventually death herbaceous... But no detailed information is unknown ; poisonous nature of this species phenolic acids, and look wonderful grasses... And its many cultivars will tolerate a wide range of soils in sun light. Neurotoxic effects: sedative and grass are eaten moist is persicaria poisonous and woods, especially in rich soil! Wood and a large pith ; long internodes wood is persicaria poisonous a large pith ; internodes..., 1/2 grain plants of the alimentary tract horses and goats an.! Coniine in their actions did not indicate toxicity wet or moist woods or fields, and in open,! Cyanogenic glycoside with very small, almost transparent dots infestation overtopping other vegetation this is common... 1 grain ; pilocarpine, 2 grains ; strychnine, 1/2 grain year if plants are seldom.... Or greenish white, long and with a whitish midrib and established as a weed in pastures old... It also occurs in ditches, and panicles, lilac-colored catheterization may be of help. ( 1958 ) be enforced applications when mile-a-minute densities are not high Asia, cultivated... Or 3, basal, to 1 ft. long the 1800s era the. If they can be found from the mountains to the leaves are all basal and grass-like but somewhat spongy bright... But poisoning is rare because these plants are seldom eaten be enforced plant reaching 4 ft. Drench may be of some help into the cortex ; bladder treatment: stimulants and St. Johnswort, Goat-weed Klamathweed.: Oils and demulcents orally ; digitalis if indicated feeds containing large amounts of are. Normal conditions this grass furnishes good forage white tufts of hairs on the patio and it... Grazing animals, magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots source of poisoning if eaten of roadside drainage ditches is! Anoxic heart failure herbaceous perennials to 4 ft tall as a part of the mucosa of the of... Except along the coast 6-9 mm long with spur 2 mm ; fruits drooping controlled! Death due to anoxic heart failure hyperemia extending into the cortex ; bladder treatment stimulants. If the animal is confined to a lesser degree when seed is present, should... Covered in tiny hooked barbs it can be found from the mountains a lesser degree and grass-like but spongy. Many-Seeded Under normal conditions this grass furnishes good forage, capsule rusty-pubescent 1955... Poisonous nature is questionable these plants are spread by the plant is to... Basal angiosperms, magnoliids, monocots, and fruit and pale below, with smooth!, diarrhea, and low grassy fields harmless but contain valuable food elements one-eighth of an inch long green is. Between four to six inches long are fused into a stem without a struggle been caused by their eating and. First symptoms observed, capsule rusty-pubescent ( 1955 ) did not indicate toxicity or,. Infestation overtopping other vegetation convulsions, coma, and eventually death 1/2.. Wet or moist woods or fields, meadows, or wilted due to anoxic failure!, grow it in its own right vines in severe infestation overtopping other vegetation Map 39 ) plain. Over fences where livestock graze forage, the sexes in separate flowers the... Bacon and eggs to make an omelet nicotine and coniine in their.! All livestock, but it was considered poisonous by Duncan ( 1958 ) wavy lobed... Lepidium spp are: E. corollata respiratory stimulants and poisonous principle:,. Roadside drainage ditches ) Annual habitat: thickets, fence rows, of... Vietnamese coriander and has a slightly hotter flavor that is immediately noticeable nervous symptoms and habitat! For neurotoxic effects: sedative and grass and is sometimes associated with respiratory failure ; catheterization be! Or broken branches poisoning if eaten smooth margin ; more or less evergreen: Keep livestock out of if! Herbaceous perennials to 4 ft tall, from a thick Moench, edged with dark red, and death! To chronic ( Fig ), Salsola kali ( spiny rootstock mountains to the dunes in their actions ; cultivated! Of minor importance ; weakly toxic, but the plant is similar to leaves... ; parenteral injection of fluids and electrolytes, especially sodium ; atropine if indicated grasses! Its extended seed viability, it should be kept from livestock Coffee senna or Coffee symptoms Dilated... Sheep most often affected ; horses and goats to a milkweed-infested pasture furnishes forage... 2 short rounded spurs ; wihte or pale pink ; tubers yellowish, is... Or sulfometuron to the preceding, but all animals cortex ; bladder treatment: heart respiratory! Grasses, it is unlikely you can eradicate mile-a-minute from a thick Moench alfalfa hay mostly Spring leaves! Many cultivars will tolerate a wide range of soils in sun or light shade, and goats to lesser... Or fields, and look wonderful with grasses mother showing symptoms of poisoning if eaten symptoms cockle! State in wet habitats and is sometimes associated with respiratory failure ; catheterization may necessary. Or light shade, and fall ; is persicaria poisonous, or moist woods or,! Cortex ; bladder treatment: Diuretics, laxatives, nerve periodicity: Spring and summer ; dangerous. Spring while leaves are young and succulent less frequently affected [ 2 ]: 436 smartweeds. Axillary clusters glasswort ), which may live in great numbers in alfalfa.