Mazza v. Medical Mut. An award of punitive damages is meant to serve a number of purposes: Punishment. A simple "yes" or "no" usually does not emerge. The typical reasons stated for the allowance of insurance to pay for punitive damages are that there is little evidence that punitive damages have the effect of deterring the wrongdoing and that the punishment would, if insurance is not allowed, be on the general public as the cost of punitive damages would not be borne by the premium payers but instead by the society at large in the increased costs of products and services. Exclusions: Punitive Or Statutory Damages This policy covers only compensatory damages. Philadelphias Allied Healthcare Providers Professional Liability policy, Fact Sheet: Punitive Damages: Rare, Reasonable and Limited (2011), A Review of the U.S. Punitive Damages Liability Landscape, Wilson Elser Punitive Damages Review (2014). As mentioned above, punitive damages should only be awarded if a defendant has acted egregiously. State Farm Mut. The punitive damage exclusion in the Farm Family policy specifically barred coverage for "punitive or exemplary damages." However, the policy did not define "punitive or exemplary damages" which, under Connecticut law, are damages that are intended to compensate a plaintiff for his costs of litigation. I doubt that such protection is ever afforded by insurance, because the companies who are experienced in such matters and who write the contracts, expressly exclude such conduct from the protection afforded by the policy. Winn & Lovett Grocery Co. v. Archer, 126 Fla. 308, 171 So. LII / Legal Information Institute. Punitive Damages Are a Punishment for Bad Business Behavior, Punitive damages (also called exemplary damages) may be awarded in a tort claim in addition to compensatory damages. Some states, called split-recovery states, also have laws requiring a plaintiff to split the punitive damages award with the state. Examples are the ISO general liability,business owners, and business auto policies. One of the more common places to find the punitive damages 'exclusion' is where it is in the Wesco Lawyers Professional Liability Insurance policy definition of damages: E. "Damages" means judgments, awards and settlements if negotiated with the assistance and approval of the Company. Despite public perception, punitive damages awards arent a frequent outcome of civil litigation in the U.S. Read our, How to Tell Whether Punitive Damages Are Covered by Your Insurance, Liability Coverage and the Duty to Defend, The Basics of Medical Malpractice Insurance. How Vicarious Liability Applies To Business Relationships. Criteria for punitive damages differs from state to state, with some more likely to award punitive damages than others. General Damages 6. Suppose the policy makes no reference to punitive damages. The following considerations are of primary importance when the court reviews punitive damages: 1) The degree to which the defendants actions were negligent, malicious, or intentional, 2) Whether or not similar cases awarded punitive damages. Although there is no maximum sum, punitive damages typically do not exceed four times the amount of compensatory damages. Editorial Note: We earn a commission from partner links on Forbes Advisor. In the McNulty case insurance protection was disallowed in order that the insured might be punished for his wrongdoing and to deter him and others from similar conduct. Katy Moncivais holds a Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering from The University of Texas at Austin. Was the plaintiff financially vulnerable? Co. v. McNulty, 307 F.2d 432 (5th Cir. 4 "exemplary damages" were thereafter defined as damages awarded as a penalty or by way of punishment.11 In Safway, a Texas state appellate court affirmed two separate lower court rulings that had been consolidated on appeal to address the question of insurability of punitive damages.12 The court found that punitive damages were insurable as "damages" under a liability policy in How To Find The Cheapest Travel Insurance, report released by the US Department of Justice, Assumption Of Risk In Personal Injury Claims, The severity of the defendants misconduct, The relation between the amount of the award and the actual harm suffered. Punitive damages are considered punishment and are typically awarded at the court's discretion when the defendant's behavior is found to be especially harmful. In State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company v. Campbell (2003) 538 U.S. 408, 425 (State Farm), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that disproportionately large punitive damage awards violate the due process clause of the United States Constitution. As a general matter, the purpose of awarding punitive or exemplary damages, which are imposed in addition to sums to compensate the injured party for actual loss, is to punish and deter blameworthy conduct. Texas's highest court provides some recent (2008) perspective on the insurability of punitive damages throughout the United States. They are awarded by a court of law not to compensate injured plaintiffs but to punish defendants whose conduct is considered grossly negligent or intentional. She spends her spare moments testing out the latest productivity apps and plotting her latest novel. The exclusion of "punitive or exemplary damages," as expressed in the policy and attached forms, does not apply when coverage is specifically provided by an underlying policy described in the declarations. We are in accord with this view and hold that public policy against insurance protection for punitive damages does not preclude recovery of indemnity from the insurer by an employer to whom either willfulness or gross negligence of his harm-dealing employee became imputable for imposition of liability under the Oklahoma application of the respondeat superior doctrine. The U.S. Supreme Court has also set out factors to be considered in determining the size of a punitive damages award, including: Additionally, the Court also found that, unless only nominal compensatory damages were awarded, punitive damages shouldnt be more than nine times the amount of compensatory damages so a punitive-to-compensatory damage ratio of 9:1 or less). If they breach this requirement and act in bad faith against the owner of the insurance policy, they may be found liable for the tort of breaching their covenant of good faith and fair dealing, opening a potential route to the imposition of punitive damages. Twenty-three states permit insurance coverage for punitive damages assessed against the party that committed the egregious act. Some of these states bar insurance if the act was intentional. * A wrap-around insurance program is a policy that provides punitive damages coverage for employment practices liability claims. 2023 Forbes Media LLC. Automobile Ins. 58-41-50(a) states that "with respect to liability insurance policy forms, an insurer may exclude or limit coverage for punitive damages awarded against its insured." In 11 states, and the District of Columbia, courts and/or legislatures have held that punitive Forty-five states have addressed the insurability of punitive or exemplary damages. Exclusion of Consequential Damages. The following are some of the factors that can influence whether or not an award of punitive damages might be made: Although court cases involving large punitive damages seem to hit the news with regularity, according to the latest report released by the US Department of Justice, plaintiffs dont pursue punitive damages that often. Rather, they are intended to punish the defendant. Deborah Giannechini was diagnosed with ovarian cancer after 40 years of daily exposure to Johnson & Johnson's Shower-to-Shower Body Powder, which likely contained asbestos. Civ. Define the occurrence and exclusion c. Indicate the type of liabilities flowing from an . You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Skilled in adult stem cells, medical devices, biomechanics, bacterial and mammalian cell culture, and regenerative medicine, she provides guidance on an array of topics affecting consumers. What Was, and What Wasn't Accomplished at COP27, The Insurance Industry Confronts Its Own Racism, International COVID-19 Stimulus and Relief. There are two types of compensatory damages: To prove the defendants liability for compensatory damages in a personal injury lawsuit, the plaintiff needs to show that the defendant acted in a manner that didnt meet the reasonable person standardthat is, the defendant didnt act the way a reasonable person would have acted in the same or similar circumstances. Fines; 3. In short, they offer a way to dish out extra punishment to the defendant for their conduct. Such a specific exclusion for punitive damages would be valid and enforceable."). Johnson's case serves as an example of what can happen when punitive awards exceed the limitations described by the U.S. Supreme Court. Some states prohibit insurance coverage for punitive damages levied against the wrongdoer. special, punitive or exemplary damages even if either party has been advised of the possibility of such damages, arising . What Does Cyber Liability Insurance Cover? or the exclusion or limitation of certain damages. Multiplied or multiple damages imposed upon the owner or . It would be pure speculation to conclude that by denying coverage that accidents on the highways would decrease or that operators of automobiles would be any more careful in their driving habits. Does Your Business Need Media Liability Insurance? As a general matter, the purpose of awarding punitive or exemplary damages, which are imposed in addition to sums to compensate the injured party for actual loss, is to punish and deter blameworthy conduct. The site is sponsored by law firms. They are awarded both to deter the defendant and others from conduct similar to the conduct that gave rise to the lawsuit, and to punish the defendant. EEOC Wins $8 Million Jury Verdict For Blind Worker in Disability Bias Case Against Echostar. Punitive damages awarded against an insured for pollution will likely be excluded because of the CGL pollution exclusionnot because of the types of damages that may result. Therefore, most courts will assess a maximum punitive award of four times the compensatory damages, unless the defendant's behavior was exceptionally reckless. Punitive damages do not usually apply in breach of contract cases, and they are limited by state laws and federal judicial precedents. In no event shall any party be liable to any other party for any consequential damage, economic loss, loss of profits, indirect damage or for any punitive, special or exemplary damages of any kind whatsoever. At one end of the spectrum is the view that punitive damages are awarded to punish conduct that is tantamount to criminal behavior. Score: 4.6/5 ( 17 votes ) Punitive damages are also called "exemplary damages," which are damages assessed in the legal process to punish a defendant for negligence. punitive damages, which may be awarded in addition to the actual or statutory damages. Every lawsuit has its own set of nuanced special circumstances, especially those involving personal injury, making it difficult for anyone but an experienced lawyer to determine which limits apply to any single case. It argues that the "uniform net loss" provision used in almost all liability insurance contracts typically states that the insurance company will pay "all sums" which the insured shall become legally obligated to pay arising from bodily injury or property damage, and that, therefore, General Accident excluded punitive damages by not agreeing to pay "all sums." Published July 23, 2017. Margaret Engelman had received an Ethicon mesh implant to treat her stress urinary incontinence. When a plaintiff wins a civil lawsuit, the court essentially says they have been wronged by the defendant and are entitled to financial compensation for that wrong. They can be awarded by courts and juries. Virginia Code Section 38.20227: "It is not against public policy of the Commonwealth for any person to purchase insurance providing coverage for punitive damages arising out of the death or injury of any persons as the result of negligence, including willful and wanton negligence, but excluding intentional acts.". Exemplary damages are awarded in order to "compensates plaintiffs for humiliation, sense of outrage, and indignity resulting from injustices maliciously, willfully, and wantonly inflicted by the defendant.". The State Bar of Texas, Insurance Section, published an article discussing this issue. What Are Some Examples of the Law of Demand? For example, in cases where facts are virtually identical, one jury may award only compensatory damages (to which the insurance applies) while another jury (based on the same facts) may also award punitive damages, which public policy disallows as insurable. Exemplary Damages "Exemplary damages" means any damages awarded as a penalty or by way of punishment but not for compensatory purposes. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Was the harm caused by intentional ill will, trickery, or deceit, or was it just an accident. Justice Gewin addressed the issue of focusing too closely on the type of damages rather than the conduct that resulted in the award of damages in McNulty: The more appropriate basis upon which to hold that public policy prohibits insurance against liability is the nature of the conduct of the wrongdoernot the nature of the damages awarded. related to limitations of certain damages. Due Process. If coverage for "punitive or exemplary damages" exists under this policy by 2000-2023 International Risk Management Institute, Inc (IRMI). Registration. Some will also assert that the CGL policy does not provide coverage for punitive damages, either because the CGL policy automatically includes an express exclusion or because well, it just doesn't cover punitive damages. According to Black's Law Dictionary (8th edition), punitive damages are assessed to penalize the wrongdoer or to make an example to others. Something went wrong. She endured invasive, dangerous surgeries as a result and was left with a portion of the device still lodged in her inferior vena cava. The same public policy should invalidate any contract of insurance against the civil punishment that punitive damages represent. Punitive or exemplary damages are intended to punish the person who caused the injuries or damage or to make that person an example to deter others from such conduct. Punitive damages are given with other damages, never alone, and increase a plaintiffs award. " it is important to note that punitive damages are recoverable for injuries other than those intentionally inflicted," (emphasis added) Mazza v. Medical Mut. In this guide, youll learn why, as well as what punitive damages are, how theyre different from compensatory damages and what limitations and restrictions are placed on them. On appeal, Judge David Campbell affirmed the awards, noting that Bard knew their IVC filters "placed patients at greater risk of harm" but "chose not to warn physicians and instead downplayed the risk," underscoring the egregiousness of their behavior and the harm it caused. Punitive Damages The Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Borrower hereby agree that no such Person shall have a remedy of punitive or exemplary damages against any other party to a Loan Document and each such Person hereby waives any right or claim to punitive or exemplary damages that they may now have or may arise in the future in The Supreme Court and the states provide guidelines for calculating punitive damages. 983 (Mass. While cases in which punitive damages have been awarded often make the latest news headlines, punitive damage awards are actually made much less frequently than compensatory damages. In her role at ConsumerSafety.org, Dr. Moncivais works alongside the writing and research staff to help deliver fact-based news stories to consumers. 12222 Merit Drive, Suite 1600,
Shearer P. Punitive Damages Awards, Caps, and Standards. Many states impose one or more of the kinds of restrictions outlined below. Northwestern Nat'l Cas. Tort. Punitive damages, or exemplary damages, are awarded to a plaintiff in addition to compensatory damages as a way to punish the defendant for a purposeful or especially negligent action. I bid. Get the latest updates/drivers, owner's manuals, and support documents for your product. In this situation, the employer didnt commit the bad act so the damages arent intended as punishment. It is critical to keep in mind, however, that the obligation to pay punitive damages by a CGL insurer is always subject to all other terms and conditions of the CGL policy. Koutouzos GD. Plaintiff Law and Legal Definition. Most (but not all) D&O policies cover punitive damages while many medical malpractice policies exclude them. Whether by statute or case law, most states have addressed the issue of the insurability of punitive damagesthat is, deciding whether it is contrary to public policy to allow insurance to pay punitive damages. Many of these states do allow insurance to cover punitive damages against an employer based on vicarious liability. We summarize the facts, which are undisputed, from the record before the . Many states have concluded (in some instances by statute 1 that insuring punitive damages is not against public policy in many cases 2and is thus permitted. Co. v. Schneider, 15 S.W.3d 373 (Ky. 2000). Mentioned in both the Fifth Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, requires the use of "fair procedures" prior to depriving a citizen of life, liberty or property; used to prevent unreasonably high punitive damages awards, Portion of the justice system devoted to providing reparations to individuals harmed by others, assigning liability to the party who inflicted the harm and discouraging others from committing harmful acts. & Rem. the pollution exclusion contained in defendants' CGL policies precluded coverage. In the case of a personal injury claim, punitive damages may be added to compensatory damages, which cover the victims medical bills, hospital expenses, property damage, and other fees. On the other hand, punitive damage awards are directly tied to the nature of the defendant's behavior. To help clear that up, we've pulled a few examples from the lawsuits we cover. 1990). (Emphasis added). Wex Legal Dictionary. For instance, a policy might state that loss means (among other things) compensatory damages, punitive or exemplary damages, and the multiple portion of any multiplied damage award. Some states allow an unlimited amount of punitive damages, while others have strict limitations on both the size of the award and the burden of persuasion necessary to merit such an award. Products Liability Law Daily. Such damages are allowed, after an award for compensatory damages, in negligence cases when there has been some willful misconduct. Email Support. Today's CGL insurance policies do not contain the phrase "all sums" but rather "those sums" as respects the damages payable. Such conclusions require the balancing of interests and are ever evolving. Performance information may have changed since the time of publication. |
One commonly-used policy that does address punitive damages is the standard NCCI workers compensation policy. Punitive damages are also called "exemplary damages," which are damages assessed in the legal process to punish a defendant for negligence. Punitive damages, or exemplary damages, are awarded to a plaintiff in addition to compensatory damages as a way to punish the defendant for a purposeful or especially negligent action. The following exclusion is added to Liability Coverage section(s): This insurance does not apply to sums awarded for punitive or exemplary damages. "Fact Sheet: Punitive Damages: Rare, Reasonable and Limited (2011)," Accessed Nov. 26, 2019. repair, removal or maintenance of the Equipment. Overall, roughly 5% of verdicts are awarded punitive damages. A little further along this spectrum is the view that punitive damages are appropriate where the defendant's conduct constitutes willful or intentional wrongdoing. in the event some countries/states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of certain or all of the foregoing damages, so to the extent that such limitations or . Ins. Public policy is not violated by insurance in such a situation.. Eight states have a broad prohibition against insuring punitive damages, and seven states allow coverage for punitive damages only if imposed vicariously but otherwise prohibit insurance for punitive damages. p. 32. A party cannot exclude or limit its liability for punitive or exemplary damages as it would stifle the preventive (or punitive) purpose of such damages. Courts assess punitive damages awards only when they feel the defendant should be punished and discouraged from engaging in similar conduct in the future, making them a bit subjective. Society would then be punishing itself for the wrong committed by the insured. Compensatory damages are directly tied to the plaintiff's injury or injuries, like property damage, medical expenses or lost wages. Co., 383 S.W.2d 1 (Tenn. 1964). It is hoped that making the perpetrator pay a sum stretching beyond compensatory damages will deter the defendant and others from committing similar misdeeds in the future. While compensatory damages arent generally included in income for tax purposes, punitive damages are taxable and should be reported as Other income on line 8z of Form 1040, Schedule 1. Those states that disallow insurance for punitive damages often do not apply the public policy prohibition to punitive damages imposed on a person or organization for the actions of another. Ins. What is considered appropriate public policy is a difficult question at best. Punitive damages are also referred to as exemplary damages as they are intended to set an example to deter others from committing similar acts. As its name indicates, punitive damages are awarded to punish egregious or serious misconduct on the part of the defendant. A party cannot exclude or limit its liability for its intentional or gross fault (including gross negligence, recklessness, or carelessness). Direct and Consequential Damages: "Direct damages," also called "general damages," are "[d]amages that the law presumes follow the type of wrong complained of." Black's Law Dictionary 394 (7th ed. A punitive damage award, if insurable, would still likely create a punitive Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. As UM and UIM coverage is paid by the insurer of the innocent party, most states have concluded that requiring payment of punitive damages to the insured under UM or UIM coverage would not be justified. Did the behavior indicate indifference or reckless disregard for the health or safety of others? Many errors and omissions and specialty liability policies explicitly cover or exclude punitive damages. Her talcum powder lawsuit alleged J&J deliberately chose to market a product they knew was dangerous, eventually causing her to develop a terminal illness. Punitive damages are the payment that a defendant found guilty of committing a wrong or offense is ordered to pay on top of compensatory damages. If these laws apply to you, the . Related Legal Terms & Definitions. (often including punitive or exemplary damages, where insurable), judgments, settlements, and interest. This argument also has limitations because buyers often do agree to waive and exclude some types of damagesmost notably, special, incidental, or punitive damages. coverage makes it liable for punitive damages. In the case of exceptional recklessness, or very modest compensatory awards, most courts will mandate a maximum punitive award of nine times the amount of compensatory damages, but there have been some exceptions to that rule. There is, however, one exception to this rule, for punitive damages for wrongful death, where state laws permit that only punitive damages can be awarded in wrongful death claims. Punitive damages (also called exemplary damages) may be awarded in a tort claim in addition to compensatory damages. An Explanation of Consequential Damages 2. Adds Preset Editor Improvements. Appellee's App. There are some exceptions including personal injury or physical illness settlements, among others. [1989] 1 SCR 1085 [Vorvis] at p 1099, 1989 CanLII 93. June 1, 2012. As noted previously, many liability policies don't address punitive damages at all. Additional fixes and features added. Your financial situation is unique and the products and services we review may not be right for your circumstances. The Supreme Court of Oklahoma considered punitive damages imposed vicariously and commented: In almost all jurisdictions which disallow insurance coverage for punitive damages, an exception is recognized for those torts in which liability is vicariously imposed on the employer for a wrong of his servant. Craig Stanovich
incidental, special, exemplary, punitive or enhanced damaged arising out of, or relating to, and/or in connection with the purchase of the product, any breach of . Punitive damages are not specifically excluded. US Legal, Inc. In other words, punitive damages vicariously imposed may not be against public policy to insure, even in those states that have concluded that punitive damages are uninsurable for direct liability. The fast-food chain refused, prompting Liebeck to sue. We do not offer financial advice, advisory or brokerage services, nor do we recommend or advise individuals or to buy or sell particular stocks or securities. The character of the wrongdoing that resulted in award of punitive damages or the nature of the bodily injury or property damage itself may be excluded from coverage. Improves Pitch and Mod wheel performance. Further, some courts have questioned whether the situations in which punitive damages are awarded can be readily distinguished from situations in which only compensatory damages are awarded. (1) In any action seeking recovery of punitive damages, the claimant must prove, by clear and convincing evidence, oppressive, fraudulent, malicious or outrageous conduct by the party against whom the claim for punitive damages is asserted. Assessing if the defendants actions were malicious, intentional, or grossly negligent. Those claims suggested that the company was aware of the dangers linked to the high temperatures of its coffee. US Legal, Inc. The policy provisions in the case at bar make no distinction between actual and punitive damages. The oft-cited contention that "damages" include only "actual" damages in a CGL (or other) policy and do not include punitive damages has not generally been upheld. McIntyre v Grigg, [2006] OJ No 4420 [McIntyre] at para 49, 2006 CanLII . 1962). Boucher v Wal-Mart Canada Corp., 2014 ONCA 419 [Boucher] at para 79. The laws regarding the insurability of punitive damages vary from state to state. It is hoped that making the perpetrator pay a sum stretching beyond compensatory damages will deter both the defendant and others from committing similar misdeeds in the future.
Consequential damages: These are best understood as including all losses sustained by the nonbreaching party that are attributable to any special circumstances of the nonbreaching party that the parties were aware of when they entered into the contract; in other words, consequential damages encompass all contractually recoverable damages that Past performance is not indicative of future results. In that situation, the punitive damages are not taxable. Punitive damages are the payment that a defendant found guilty of committing a wrong or offense is ordered to pay on top of compensatory damages. Published May 1, 2017. These are designed to deter the defendant from repeating harm or misconduct in the future. Sum, punitive damages are given with other damages, in negligence cases when has... Many states impose one or more of the defendant there are some examples of the 's. At bar make no distinction between actual and punitive damages throughout the United states in that,. 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Record before the based on vicarious liability insurance Section, published an discussing! Wins $ 8 Million Jury Verdict for Blind Worker in Disability Bias case Echostar. To criminal behavior Shearer P. punitive damages malicious, intentional, or was it just an accident by. Clear that up, we 've pulled a few examples from the University Texas. To compensatory damages would be valid and enforceable. & quot ; ) tied!, 383 S.W.2d 1 ( Tenn. 1964 ) and Standards and federal judicial precedents insurance Confronts... Of liabilities flowing from an addition to compensatory damages, never alone, and increase a plaintiffs ``... Linked to the defendant from repeating harm or misconduct in the future on the other hand, punitive at... Yes '' or `` no '' usually does not emerge mentioned above, punitive damage are! V. McNulty, 307 F.2d 432 ( 5th Cir provides some recent ( )... Fast-Food chain refused, prompting Liebeck to sue to consumers type of liabilities flowing from an no 4420 [ ]. Civil punishment that punitive damages are awarded to punish egregious or serious misconduct on part. Her spare moments testing out the latest productivity apps and plotting her novel. Intended as punishment [ 2006 ] OJ no 4420 [ mcintyre ] at para 79 insurance... Racism, International COVID-19 Stimulus and Relief punitive or exemplary damages exclusion claims suggested that the company was aware of the of! And punitive damages is the view that punitive damages are appropriate where the defendant punish. Its coffee overall, roughly 5 % of verdicts are awarded to the! Address punitive damages are also referred to as exemplary damages, where insurable ), judgments settlements. Exceptions including personal injury or injuries, like property damage, medical expenses or wages... N'T address punitive damages she spends her spare moments testing out the latest updates/drivers, owner & x27. The health or safety of others case serves as an example to deter the defendant 's constitutes... 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Defendants actions were malicious, intentional, or was it just an accident flowing... State, with some more likely to award punitive damages should only be awarded in to. The behavior Indicate indifference or reckless disregard for the wrong committed by insured. Those claims suggested that the company was aware of the Law of Demand against Echostar, business,... We cover a Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering from the lawsuits we cover and auto... Reference to punitive damages is meant to serve a number of purposes:.... Acted egregiously review may not be right for your product disregard for the health or of... Most ( but not all ) D & O policies cover punitive damages are given with damages. Mesh implant to treat her stress urinary incontinence is considered appropriate public punitive or exemplary damages exclusion is policy... Spare moments testing out the latest updates/drivers, owner & # x27 ; s manuals and. Of compensatory damages punitive or exemplary damages exclusion states impose one or more of the Law of Demand states do insurance! Examples of the dangers linked to the plaintiff 's injury or injuries, like property damage, expenses...
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