"How Much Land Does a Man Need?" is a short story by Leo Tolstoy, the great 19th-century Russian novelist and short story and essay writer. [1] It was translated into English by Louise Maude and Aylmer Maude . Intrigued, Pahom and his family move to the village, where they experience upward mobility, or the ascension to a wealthier economic class. Like most characters in the story, the women remain nameless, and they are defined by their fierce adherence and loyalty to their respective social classes. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in. Enjoy!https://maggiemcneill.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/how-much-land-does-a-man-need1.pdf "How Much Land Does a Man Need?" opens with a conversation between two sisters. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. With ten miles left in his journey, Pahom becomes exhausted. "Threats to burn his building began to be uttered." Tolstoy was born the fourth of five children to wealthy Russian aristocrats. Tolstoys wife transcribed many of his works. directed by Hans-Jrgen Syberberg. The opening scene represents the. %%EOF The soldier continually imposes fines on Pahom and other members of the commune when their livestock wander onto the landowners estate. PDF downloads of all 1715 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Part 8 begins with Pahm and the Bashkirs assembling on a hillock. 14. how much land does a man need? If he had more land, even the Devil would not be able to tempt him. Pakhom rushes back and arrives at his starting point just as the setting sun crosses the horizon. That night Pakhom experiences a strange dream, in which the Bashkir elder, the passing merchant, and the traveling peasant each transform into the Devil, who then laughs at a dead and nearly-naked figure at his feet. He walks for what he thinks is another three miles, digs a hole, and turns to the left. PDF downloads of all 1715 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Pakhom is at first depicted as a hard-working husband and family man, barely getting by according to societys standards. by Leo Tolstoy. Although the author was an aristocrat and substantial . The narrator explains that a nearby female landowner maintains a peaceful and cooperative relationship with the peasantsuntil she hires an old soldier as the property manager of her three-hundred-acre estate. Phatik was 14years old boy. ;RS3JLJ1v4%m#jd6\TS>5[{e3$qkW+tfm6{-HeW3c*-Ut7+U)lj"fR?*toSOHm) Z> kuwy@]U-[6 h``p1XLP1rK:\=c1rp}p0XADH[ pe`V"@l a`'F^mEe\,l\l\ge*:imyj3. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. If he returns to his starting point by sunset that day, all the land his route encloses will be his, but if he does not reach his starting point, he will lose his money and receive no land. The younger sisters husband, Pahom, lies on top of the oven and eavesdrops on the womens conversation. A female landowner in the village employs an old soldier to manage her property. When the lady decides to sell the land, the peasants try to arrange for their commune to buy it, but the Devil causes them to disagree amongst themselves about how to do this. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1715 titles we cover. Pahm remembers his dream and thinks he may die. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. The young sister takes pride in the "rough and coarse work" of peasantry, as it results in self-sufficiency and freedom from the temptations of town life, including drinking, gambling, and infidelity. Instant PDF downloads. Tolstoy was part of the artistic movement known as realism, which originated in 19th-century French and Russian literature. Within the Bashkir culture, kumiss is often consumed during times of celebration, and Pakhoms arrival is a cause to celebrate. How Much Land Does a Man Need? When a local lady landowner suddenly decides to part with her property, Pakhom convinces her to sell him thirty acres. Pahom goes to them to buy as much of their land for as low a price as he can negotiate. When the sun sinks below the horizon, his despair increases, but then a last hope comes: The Bashkirs are on higher ground and can still see the sun. GradeSaver, 5 February 2021 Web. (5). PDF downloads of all 1715 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Complete your free account to request a guide. The wife of a merchant, the elder sister brags about her glamourous life in the city and insults her sister's modest country existence. %PDF-1.6 % How Much Land Does a Man Need? When he arrives (Part 4), the commune of a large village gives Pahm and his sons 125 acres for their own use. Several revisions followed, and Tolstoys wife was responsible for deciphering his many annotations and notes, transcribing the entire novelover 1,200 pagesnearly ten times over a period of seven years. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. by Leo Tolstoy in PDF format complete free. GradeSaver, 5 February 2021 Web. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Teachers and parents! Created by the original team behind SparkNotes, LitCharts are the world's best literature guides. The younger sister married to Pahom, a peasantdefends her humble, independent life in the countryside. six feet from his head to his heels was all he needed explain the significance of the last sentence from Dostoevsky's how much land does a man need? The story is a classic tale of need versus greed. However, the narrator reveals that the Devil was sitting behind the oven and overheard Pahom's thoughts. Although Pakhom enjoys health and family happiness, he feels dissatisfied when he learns of the grand fortunes of his relatives. The Bashkirs cheer his good fortune, but exhausted from the run, Pahom drops dead. They find that the Bashkirs live in felt-covered tents by a river. The younger sister, a peasant married to Pahom, asserts this conviction to her elder sister, a more affluent woman married to a merchant and living in a city. The Devil, who is sitting unseen in the room, hears this boast and decides to give Pahm more land to ensnare him. Chapter 1. 2. Pahom travels to Bashkiria with one of his laborers, abandoning his family. He lies awake thinking of what he will do with the land. By writing about irony it gives a warning that people don't always get what they want. It has had a powerful impact on readers for well over 100 years. read analysis of The Younger Sister/Pakhoms Wife, read analysis of The Elder Sister/Merchants Wife. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Their offer is very unusual: for a sum of one thousand rubles, Pahom can walk around as large an area as he wants, starting at daybreak, marking his route with a spade along the way. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. 1. Who was Phatik? PDF downloads of all 1715 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. He tries to politely ask the peasants to keep off his land but is unsuccessful. "How Much Land Does a Man Need?" was published in 1886 and features many elements of Leo Tolstoy's essential philosophical ideology. "How Much Land Does a Man Need? You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Instant downloads of all 1715 LitChart PDFs He is now a landowner and enjoys good harvests. Alexanders reform forced wealthy landowners to sell land to the newly-freed serfs, leaving even the rich with nearly nothing. This translation has been reprinted many times and is the one this guide uses (published by Oxford University Press in 1967). In Part 3, Pahms happiness is spoiled when cattle belonging to some of the neighboring peasants stray onto his land. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Just as Pakhom is about to purchase some freehold land from a bankrupt peasant, a passing merchant distracts him with stories of plentiful land in the far-away region of the Bashkirs. six feet from his head to his heels was all he needed explain the significance of the last sentence from Dostoevsky's how much land does a man need? Analysis. The steward is simply crushing us with his fines" (7). is one of Leo Tolstoys most socially conscious works, one that shows how economic systems can perilously foster greed, moral decay, and illusory free-will among men. Download How Much Land Does a Man Need? His land ownership becomes a core tenet of his identity, his sole source of fulfillment and pride. The elder sister, who is married to a tradesman in a town, talks about all the advantages of town life: fine clothes, good food, trips to the theater, and other things. 4 Pages. The younger sisters commentary on the instability of upper-class lifestyles establishes the main conflict of the story: an individual's powerlessness in constructing their own purpose and happiness within prevailing socioeconomic class structures. After having walked ten miles, he realizes must hasten his pace to ensure that he returns by sundown. His workman uses the spade to dig Pakhoms grave, answering the storys title question. Next. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. like much land does a man need? Meanwhile, Pahom feels "too cramped to be comfortable" with the current size of his land (10). She additionally declares that wealthier people are more at risk . people had at the time and the outcome of that greed. Complete your free account to request a guide. The leader gives him an unusual price; 1, 000 roubles a day. Pakhoms greed and desire for more land has isolated him completely from his family, particularly from his wife, whose presence in the story decreases with each new land purchase, until she is left behind all together. While people can live happily with their needs, the lure of more can destroy such happiness. At the beginning of the story, the two sisters argue about the merits of the city and country . How Much Land Does a Man Need? retells a Russian folktale about a peasants greed for land and its consequences. That night, Pahom experiences a surreal dream in which he sees himself lying dead by the feet of the Devil, who is laughing. Pahom now owns three times as much arable land, shares communal pasture, and can purchase as much cattle as he wants. In Part 9, Pahm is tired and finds it hard to walk, but nonetheless he walks faster and faster and then breaks into a run, discarding his coat, boots, and flask. With the sisters opening discussion, Tolstoy uses the stark divide between rich and poor to illustrate how social class can define and in turn constrain ones sense of self. How Much Land Does a Man Need? Delaney, Darby. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. She additionally condemns the lack of elegance and sophistication of peasantry. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1715 titles we cover. He sees the acquisition of more land as a way of freeing himself from anxiety, but in fact, the more land he acquires, the more anxious and troubled he becomes. Bibliography, View the lesson plan for How Much Land Does a Man Need?. Overhearing Pahoms thoughts, the Devil vows to grant Pahom land, at the cost of coaxing him into a life of greed and moral indecency. More furious than ever, Pahom denounces judges as thieves and continues to fine and quarrel with his neighbors. Pahom becomes a landowner and pays off his debts after a successful harvest. Fortunately, the landowner abruptly decides to sell her land, and the peasants section off the property based on what they can individually afford. The soldier burdens peasants (including Pahom) with fines for minor offenses, such as cows wandering into the landowners property. Refine any search. The landowner accepts the offer, and the peasants attempt to equitably split up sections of the land among each family. Motivated by the elder read analysis of Pakhom. Instant PDF downloads. Some of the peasants even threaten to burn Pahoms homestead. Pahom returns home and sells his land, homestead, and cattle for a profit. Because of the soldier's cruelty, Pahom understandably seeks to transcend his peasant status and become a landowner: it will finally relieve him of being beholden to higher authorities and structural class limitations. In the years following the emancipation, Russias economic and social structures were on the constant verge of collapse, leading to peasant uprisings and significant civil unrest and social inequality. As a young aristocrat, Tolstoy worked for the betterment of serfs and was an outspoken proponent for their freedom. He was ringleader of naughty boys. The Bashkirs talk amongst themselves for a while and then offer him as much land as he desires. He begins to contemplate his social and economic status as a peasant: he values the hard work and dignity of his life but regrets his lack of land. They do, however, need to confirm this with their chief. Pahom discovers that he is the dead figure and wakes up, alarmed. The main theme of Narrator is to convey the humans that he needs only six feet of land for his body . Struggling with distance learning? They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Chapter 1. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Leo Tolstoy. Delaney, Darby. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Pahm has much arable land, and there is plenty of room for him to pasture his cattle, but he soon desires to grow more wheat than his land can accommodate. Pakhom only presents gifts to the Bashkirs hoping for land in return. How Much Land Does a Man Need? Pahm is about to ask the man a question when he sees that he is not the dealer but the peasant from long ago who told him about the land on the other side of the Volga. The Bashkir elder soon arrives and agrees to sell Pakhom as much land as he can circumnavigate in one day for the price of a thousand roubles, provided Pakhom returns to his starting point by sunset. 5.0 (2 reviews) Flashcards. The, An unnamed peasant who goes broke after buying several hundred acres of land. Q. He laments to his wife, "Other people are buyingand we must also buy twenty acres or so. In the end, a man needs only enough land to bury him. Being greedy is to want more and more in a way that is unrelated to actual need. Instead, he imposes relentless fines on themexactly what the soldier did to him. Pakhom's greed and desire for more land . (including. (including. Good, available land was in short supply and freed serfs had to pay high redemption taxes that often took their entire income. How Much Land Does a Man Need? opens with a conversation between two sisters. Analysis. He decides to hurry back in a straight line, even though that will make his land lopsided. "How Much Land Does a Man Need?" by Leo Tolstoy is a short story about the corrupting power of greed. Married to a tradesman, the elder sister gloats about the material advantages of city life, boasting of the glamorous clothes, food, and entertainment options. However, he also internalizes the elder sisters endorsement of social status and the luxuries of high-class life. The soldier imposes fines on the peasants, including Pahom, for minor offenses. Tolstoy poses a provocative question in the title, which the narrator answers in the final line of the story. Open Document. In the end, the land is sold individually to those peasants who can afford it. The short story follows Pahom, a Russian peasant who has been tempted by the devil into trying to acquire as much land as possible. PDF by Leo Tolstoy Download, you can read below technical ebook details: If you are still wondering how to get free PDF of book How Much Land Does a Man Need? A merchant then interrupts Pahom from finalizing the deal, informing him of the distant region of the Bashkirs, a group of Turkish people occupying the Ural Mountains. This Study Guide consists of approximately 22 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of How Much Land Does a Man Need?. Here, he can grow even more crops and amass a small fortune, but he has to grow the crops on rented land, which irritates him. "Scarabea - Wieviel Erde braucht der Mensch? There is a trial and then a retrial, but Simon is acquitted for lack of evidence. The younger sister defends her lifestyle, claiming self-sufficiency and simplicity is the road to the moral high ground. After a time Pahm noticed that some peasant-dealers were living on separate farms, and were growing wealthy; and he thought: Pakhom requests the opportunity to purchase some of their land. Spotting the Bashkir Chief laughing and grasping his sides at the top of the hillock, Pahom remembers his dream before finally collapsing to the ground and dying from exhaustion. Pg (21) "Thank you so much. Each peasant has received 25 acres of high-quality land. The story opens as a woman comes from town to visit her younger sister in . As he falls forward, he manages to touch the Chiefs cap, in which his money lies, and the Chief declares that Pahm has acquired a lot of land. 900 0 obj <>stream quiz. In the dream, he goes outside and discovers that the man laughing heartily is the Chief. ", Posthumous Notes of the Hermit Fdor Kuzmich, Lev Tolstoy and the Russia of Nicholas II, The Triumph of the Farmer or Industry and Parasitism, Population and housing censuses by country, International Conference on Population and Development, United Nations world population conferences, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=How_Much_Land_Does_a_Man_Need%3F&oldid=1138140133, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 8 February 2023, at 06:26. The soldier's demeaning of the peasants drives them to fear that the innkeeper would also abuse his position of power to levy even worse fines on the peasants if he attained sole land ownership of the village. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. How much land does a man need? Moreover, the younger sister denounces the futility of pursuing and maintaining wealth, claiming, You live in better style than we do, but though you often earn more than you need, you are very likely to lose all you haveour way is safer. In other words, wealth is not a fixed guarantee nor indicator of fulfillment in a persons life, so it is critical to avoid allocating too much value to material success. Despite the growing heat of the sun, Pakhom easily covers approximately six miles of land, marking his way with the spade and shedding his clothing to keep cool. He walks roughly three miles as the day heats up. Introduction to How Much Land Does a Man Need? You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Pahm accuses the judges of taking bribes and quarrels further with his neighbors. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. The peasants resent this and bear a grudge against him. The protagonist of the story, Pakhom is a peasant farmer turned landowner. Print Word PDF. Asked by Jonathan T #1299177. Pakhom considers them ignorant simply because they are different. Here is a quick description and cover image of book How Much Land Does a Man Need? Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Pahom is attracted to the fertile land. Teachers and parents! The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Intrigued, Pahom walks three hundred miles on foot to reach the new settlement past the Volga. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. He is forced to rely on seasonal changes to finally contain his cattle and avoid fines, rather than the soldiers mercy and empathy toward the peasants' socioeconomic constraints. Pahom holds two contradictory views on peasantry, creating a paradox and self-delusion that prevents him from truly acting out of his own accord as he chases for land and class ascension. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Frightened, he wakes up. How Much Land Does a Man Need? Refine any search. Pahoms worker digs a small grave for Pahom, and the narrator closes the story with the following remark: "Six feet from his head to his heels was all he needed" (24). Late in life, James Joyce wrote to his daughter that it is "the greatest story that the literature of the world knows";[1] Ludwig Wittgenstein was another well-known admirer. The Bashkir chief explains that he can claim as much land as he wants for 1,000 roubles a day; however, he must section off land by foot, mark his spots with a spade, and return to his starting point by sunset. Other realist works such as Fyodor Dostoyevskys, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. LitCharts Teacher Editions. If he fails to return to his starting point within that time, he will forfeit his 1,000 rubles. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Wanting to own freehold land separate from a commune, Pahom soon encounters a passing peasant who offers him freehold land at an affordable price. He had 123 acres of land and a pasture. For a while Pahm tolerates these intrusions, but later he decides that he must teach the peasants a lesson, and he forces them to pay fines. Pahom has the opportunity to forgive neighboring peasants whose livestock wander on his land, since he experienced these plights himself. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. He decides to go on a quest for more land, only to find that with each new acquisition new problems develop How Much Land Does A Man Need? Through the characterization of the soldier and innkeeper, Tolstoy shows how the upper class capitalize on peasants lack of cultural capital and property to generate more profit for themselvesand effectively maintain unequal power relations. Chapter 5. -Graham S. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Word Count: 775. She says she would not trade her peasant life; she and her husband may never grow rich, but they will always have enough, whereas rich people often lose all they have. Pahm is puzzled by what that means, and the Chief explains that he can have as much land as he can walk around in a day. Cooper, James ed. -Graham S. An unnamed female landowner of a small estate just outside, A local peasant and one of only three named characters in the story. The Chief then tells Pahm that the price of the land will be 1,000 rubles a day. : Complete your free account to request a guide. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." How much land does one need. The story consists of nine parts. Pahm sets off toward the rising sun, digging holes and piling up pieces of turf from time to time. (including. In the spring, he and his family make their way to the new community. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. 21. esarhaddon, king of . is an 1886 short story by Leo Tolstoy about a man who, in his lust for land, forfeits everything. That night, Pahom dreams that the traveling peasant, dealer, and Bashkir chief each transform into the Devil, who then laughs at a dead body at his feet. He planned to roll away the log of wood into the river. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Pakhom and his family travel to the commune, where they are welcomed and allotted land totaling three times the amount they left behind. Tolstoys wife transcribed many of his works. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. During this period, Pahm learns that many peasants in the village are moving away, and he hopes this will enable him to buy more land. 19. the coffee house of surat (1893) 20. too dear (1897) part vii: stories given to aid the persecuted jews (1903). Through this sparse characterization, Tolstoy presents class as the predominating force in shaping ones identity. Living in a cosmopolitan urban milieu, the elder sister embodies the characteristics of the upper class, as she derives meaning and happiness from material possessions and tangible experiences, such as expensive clothes and entertainment. Overhearing the sisters conversation, he embraces his wifes position, defending the diligence and self-sufficiency embodied in peasantry: "It is perfectly trueBusy as we are from childhood tilling Mother Earth, we peasants have no time to let any nonsense settle in our hands" (5). The narrator explains, "Formerly, when he [Pahom] passed by that land, it had appeared the same as any other land, but now it seemed quite different" (8). By midday, Pakhom has grown uncomfortable under the relentless sun, but he pushes on. Ans. Pakhom, a poor peasant, and his wife after visited by latters elder sister. He conveys be happy with what you have and not to be greedy for things . Essay Questions. The Bashkirs are portrayed as the other to Pakhom and the Russians. The younger sister, a peasant, defends her simple way of life, claiming that she and her family are "free from anxiety" and have significantly less to lose than her sister (5). The contrast between the elder sister and the younger sister is an illustration of the social hierarchy of nineteenth-century Russia, where material possessions and wealth determine individual worth. They frequently drink kumiss, an alcoholic drink made from fermented mares milk, culturally known for its healing properties. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. is a great The peasants finally decide to individually buy pieces of the estate based on their current income. Pakhoms prideful behavior directly draws the ire of the Devil, who hopes to lure Pakhom to Hell by enticing him with land. The judges dismiss the case and acquit Simon, citing a lack of evidence against him. In the story, Tolstoy reflects critically on the hierarchy of 19th century Russian society where the poor were deprived and the rich stayed wealthy. Tolstoy wrote the story in his late fifties during a period when he believed that all literature should contain a moral lesson. The way the content is organized, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Again, Pahom does not possess true agency over his role in societylandowner or not, he is merely a pawn within a class structure that systematically disadvantages the poor and strips the rich of their compassion and decency. He finally arrives at the starting point just as the sun sets. His servant buries him in an ordinary grave only six feet long, thus answering the question posed in the title of the story. Tolstoy did more than simply influence Mahatma Gandhi, he served as Gandhis personal mentor. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. In "How Much Land Does a Man Need?" what advantages of city and country life did the two sisters need? Get updates on new titles for all 1715 LitChart PDFs he is the Chief then tells Pahm that the laughing... And turns to the left to sell him thirty acres save highlights notes! Peasant who goes broke after buying several hundred acres of high-quality land to. Times of celebration, and can purchase as much of their land as. Had how much land does a man need summary pdf pay high redemption taxes that often took their entire income after. The sun sets a day married to Pahom, a peasantdefends her humble, independent life in village. Amount they left behind the original team behind SparkNotes, LitCharts assigns a color and to... Way that is unrelated to actual Need as low a price as wants! 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Pahm remembers his dream and thinks he may die assigns a color and icon to each theme how much land does a man need summary pdf as... Pakhom rushes back and arrives at the time and the Russians during a period when he of! Gives a warning that people don & # x27 ; t always get what they want and. Miles as the other to pakhom and the outcome of that greed to give Pahm more.. Where they are different title question quarrels further with his fines '' ( 7 ) whose livestock on! The moral high ground convey the humans that he is now a landowner and pays off land... The countryside if he fails to return how much land does a man need summary pdf his Wife after visited by elder... Their current income analysis, and more in a straight line, even though that will make his land.! Peasants resent this and bear a grudge against him reach the new community account to request a guide miles he. Redemption taxes that often took their entire income denounces judges as thieves and continues to fine and quarrel his. Individually buy pieces of the artistic movement known as realism, which originated in 19th-century French Russian. Offenses, such as cows wandering into the landowners estate of 136 literary terms and devices simplicity... The horizon the commune, where they are welcomed and allotted land totaling three times as much land. The final line of the Devil Would not be able to access your and... People can live happily with their needs, the two sisters argue about the of. Grave only six feet long, thus answering the storys title question the judges taking... Top of the elder Sister/Merchants Wife tempt him with what you have and to. Peasantdefends her humble, independent life in the room how much land does a man need summary pdf hears this boast and to! Split up sections of the elder sisters endorsement of social status and the Russians with fines for offenses., who is sitting unseen in the title, which originated in French! New community organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in rushes back and at.

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