EMU: CHEM 155 - Matter and Energy (Yoder), { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "01:_The_Properties_of_Oxygen_Gas_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_Using_Excel_for_Graphical_Analysis_of_Data_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Lewis_Structures_and_Molecular_Shapes_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_Detection_and_Absorption_of_Ultraviolet_Light_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_Acid,_Bases_and_pH_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_Synthetic_Polymers_and_Plastics_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Matter_and_Energy_Laboratory_Manual : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Unit_1 : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, 6: Synthetic Polymers and Plastics (Experiment), [ "article:topic", "authorname:smu", "plastic", "showtoc:no", "source[1]-chem-95546" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FCourses%2FEastern_Mennonite_University%2FEMU%253A_CHEM_155_-_Matter_and_Energy_(Yoder)%2FMatter_and_Energy_Laboratory_Manual%2F06%253A_Synthetic_Polymers_and_Plastics_(Experiment), \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), Part A: Physical Characteristics of Plastic Polymers, Part B: Density Tests of Big Six Plastics, status page at https://status.libretexts.org, Understand properties and uses of synthetic thermoplastics, Compare the physical properties of Big Six plastics, Identify everyday plastics by their physical properties, Draw basic structures of polymers when given monomer structure, used to make items that have no alternatives from other materials. A portion of the polymer polystyrene is Ans. WebSince this is an alternating copolymer we know that chain fraction of each repeat unit type is 0.5; that is fe = fx = 0.5, fe and fx being, respectively, the chain fractions of the ethylene and unknown repeat units. Other than monodisperse polymers, there is normally a molar mass distribution caused by chains of different length. The subscript "n" denotes the degree of polymerisation, that is, the number of units linked together. 3 0 obj
The structure of a short section of polystyrene is shown below. Polystyrene (PS) is principally used in solid, foam, and expanded PS (EPS) forms. Stvrene-Acrvlonitrile Copolymers (SAN) Incorporation of acrylonitrile (AN) improves the chemical resistance, scratch resistance and rigidity of PS. PET is the plastic in soda bottles. The formed liquid is then continuously extruded through a die and expands during a cooling process. Molecular weight of repeat unit: 104.1 g/mol. The compound that is formed still is a free radical, which can react again. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Vinyl polymers are addition polymers, which have the same atoms as the monomer in their repeat units. Some of these polymers are synthesized by methods involving initiators other than free radicals - carboanions, carbocations, or coordination compounds, for instance. WebIntroduction to material science and engineering solutions chapter polymer structures problem solutions hydrocarbon molecules polymer molecules the chemistry of However, because of its very low moisture absorption, limited dyeability, and low softening point (an important factor when ironing clothing), polypropylene is not an important apparel fibre. This causes the drawn structures to become narrow and more raised, creating a microstructured surface as shown in Figure 38. This highly crystalline thermoplastic resin is built up by the chain-growth polymerization of propylene (CH2=CHCH3), a gaseous compound obtained by the thermal cracking of ethane, propane, butane, or the naphtha fraction of petroleum. As a result, ABS possesses high tensile strength, weldability, moldability, and dimensional stability. Injection molded HIPS resins are used in applications such as appliances, premium office accessories, consumer products, and toys. For polystyrene [CH 2 CH (C 6 H 5 )] n , for example, which has a density of 1.05, a repeating unit mass of 104, and \delta is calculated, using Smalls G values, as \delta = \frac {1.05 (133 + 28 + 735)} {104} = 9.0 or using Hoys data, \delta = \frac { {1.05\left [ {131.5 + 85.99 + 6 (117.1)} \right]}} {104} = 9.3 Below are the frequently asked questions for repeating unit of polystyrene. ABS polymers are used in a large variety of applications. Engineers at Xometry are ready to help you choose which material and production technique will make your design project a success. Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Copolymers : Most of ABS used is manufactured by utilizing the emulsion process. What is the repeat unit molecular weight for polystyrene? He is passionate about green technology and is enthusiastic about the use of smart design, simulation, novel manufacturing techniques, and the Internet of Things (IoT) to find innovative solutions to the challenges humanity is facing such as climate change, the energy crisis, and pollution. (In isotactic polypropylene, all the methyl [CH3] groups are arranged along the same side of the polymer chain.) 20. Suscrbete a nuestro boletin de noticias. <>
The low glass transition temperature is responsible for the low maximum temperature limit for prolonged use (Tg = 373 K (100C)), The material is recyclable but very expensive. This page titled Polymer Chemistry: Polymerization Reactions is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by David Whisnant. Most synthetic fibers are condensation polymers. For example, polystyrene is combined with methyl methacrylate to form Poly (styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) or PSMMA. Each new monomer adds to one end with a covalent bond; the total number of monomers in the polymer is represented by the subscript, n. The resulting polymer is a chain of monomers linked together. [118,119] for branched polyesters. SAN is used in application where it's additional attributes such as better chemical resistance, toughness, and heat distortion temperature are most beneficial. Use these samples to analyze physical characteristics of each type of plastic: recyclability, opacity, durability/hardness, and flexibility. Lets have a look at them. Hurdles to PS recycling are similar to those for PP. Numerous industrial end uses exist for polypropylene fibre as well, including rope and cordage, disposable nonwoven fabrics for diapers and medical applications, and nonwoven fabrics for ground stabilization and reinforcement in construction and road paving. When applied as sheathing, EPS should be used over house wrap. Unmodified polystyrene is also brittle, making parts prone to failure during the ejection of parts from the mold. Samples of different plastics are available at the front bench. The condensation involves loss of water, as an H is lost from each HO- group in the glycol, and an OH from each HOOC- group in the acid. The formed liquid is then continuously extruded through a die and expands during a cooling process. WebPolystyrene is a polymer made up of repeating units of the monomer styrene, which has a molecular formula of C8H8. The figure below depicts polymerization of polystyrene (PS). Table 6.30. Moreover, polystyrene is the base material for various co-polymerization processes to produce better plastics with unique properties. The ester unit has an alcohol on one end and acid on the other, which are available for further reactions. The polymer structure is generated during polymerization. (a) Draw the structure of the repeat unit of polystyrene. The repeating units are called monomers. "Elements of Polymer Science and Engineering" (Academic Press 1982) p.3, "Glossary of basic terms in polymer science (IUPAC Recommendations 1996)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Repeat_unit&oldid=1094669716, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 23 June 2022, at 22:07. Koerner, in Geosynthetics in Civil Engineering, 2007. Examples of addition polymers: polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene (Monomers and polymers can have any functional group) For the exam, be able to recognize the polymer when the monomers are The largest family of polymers 3, vinyl polymers, are produced by chain polymerization reactions. Webhomopolymers. Partial support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation's Division of Undergraduate Education through grants DUE #9950809 and DUE #9950296. For polymerization to take place, the monomers must be capable of being linked to two (or more) other monomer molecules2 . Polypropylene is high temperature resistant and is autoclavable (the process of sterilization using steam at high temperature). This process produces parts that are rigid and lightweight. One monomer = homopolymer Two or more repeating units = copolymer. - 0- 1 | Chegg.com. Those include shower doors, cosmetic bottles, and toys. Figure 6.32. (lowest) _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ (highest). One of the most useful applications of this material is in the fabrication of prosthetic devices that require good impact resistance and long-term usage. Because of its low gas barrier, it can be used for produce where a breathable film is required. S. Nauman, V. Koncar, in Smart Textiles and their Applications, 2016. Which of the Big Six plastics would be the best material for each of the following examples? Xometry makes no representation or warranty of any kind, be it expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, completeness, or validity of the information. In this lab, you will make a polymer bouncy ball using a chemical reaction between borax and glue. Some PS is recycled (audio and video cassettes, jewel cases, etc. The sample may also sink rapidly or slowly relative to other samples. A few types of condensation polymers are listed below. Containers, poultry trays, egg cartons, meat packaging, and foam packaging for CDs, and DVDs, top 10 injection molding machine manufacturers in china, Top 10 Plastic Injection Molding Companies In United States, Top 6 injection Molding Machine Manufacturers, Top 10 Injection Moulding Companies In UK 2022, Polystyrene Characteristics and Properties. WebGiven that the molecular weight of a polystyrene (PS) repeating unit is 104 and the the carbon-carbon distance is 1.54 , calculate the following: (a) The mean-square end-to-end distance for a PS molecule of 1 million molecular weight assuming that the molecule behaves as a freely rotating, freely jointed, volumeless chain. Its also used as polymer matrix for several composite materials. Since there are two backbone bonds per repeat unit, the average molar mass per backbone Figure 6.33. EPS foam is the insulation used most widely in ICFs and SIPs. Solution (a) The repeat unit molecular weight of polystyrene is called for in this portion of the problem. 4. WebPOLYMERIZATION & TYPES OF POLYSTYRENE Repeating Unit Irregular and Crystal ine Highly regular and crystalline . "}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What are the different types of polystyrene? This blend is marketed as high-impact polystyrene. It is resistant to low molecular weight alcohols, ethylene oxide, and oxidizing and disinfecting agents (Table 6.28). Polystyrene (1-1), poly (methyl methacrylate) (1-34), and poly (4-methyl pentene-1) (1-35) are called linear polymers although they contain short branches that are part of the monomer structure. Both polystyrene and polypropylene are polymers, i.e., large molecules with repeating smaller structural units or monomers. The molecular mass of the chain is just the product nMR. "}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Is polystyrene the same as Styrofoam? Thus, m = 8(AC) + 8(AH) Polystyrene melts at a relatively high melting temperature of 210 C to 250 C, requiring higher energy demand to perform the injection molding process. Ans. (a) To calculate the concentration of initiator required to prepare polystyrene with a number average molar mass of 750 kg/mol, we can use the following equation: M n = f M i 1 f. Explanation: where M n is the number average molar mass of the polymer, f is the initiator efficiency, and M i is the molar mass of the initiator. Plates and cups can be made from polystyrene, as can sound dampening foam and protective lamination over posters and other products. It is also used as insulation in building structures. WebPolymers are covalently bonded long chain molecules composed of repeating units, called monomers, comprised of carbon and hydrogen, and sometimes oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon and/or fluorine atoms. Then heat and stem will be applied to the mold, which will cause the small beads to expand and join together. Science. Polystyrene is easily manufactured by the free radical polymerization of styrene using free-radical initiators (Figure 6.31). The polymer is formed by the condensation reaction of the two monomers terephthalic acid (HOOC-C6H4-COOH) and ethylene glycol (HO-CH2-CH2-OH), or their chemical derivatives. V. Kumar, P.R. When a thin section of molded polypropylene is flexed repeatedly, a molecular structure is formed that is capable of withstanding much additional flexing without failing. ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The three different types of polystyrene include polystyrene foam, polystyrene plastic, and polystyrene film. Even though both share similar economic benefits, their application differs according to their physical properties, form, and manufacturing process. Because of its semicrystalline nature, SPS products exhibit performance attributes that are significantly different from those of amorphous styrenic materials. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sagar Habib, a certified plastics engineer, and aficionado. sPS is extremely chemically resistant and has a high melting point (270 C) and very low dielectric constant. Monomers are linked together in an addition polymerization reaction. The compound is often called simply SBS or SBS rubber. A special version of HIPS, modified by incorporation of additives to make it ignition resistant is used for TV housings as well as other electronic equipment such as printers, copiers and computers. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Polyesters are condensation polymers, which contain fewer atoms within the polymer repeat unit than the reactants because of the formation of byproducts, such as H2O or NH3, during the polymerization reaction. fMX3LD8 ^ JmvgB,%Mog_>g*aJ2\%F)bIOCqC)ZpnW/4c^PjgKq/SNZ|g%JpIlg?L-}P"MDfd9u_g4nyu*h-% 7j>esI2&p!fZfgIWcg`[t7+]Q`[/l5J#5dbUT6]rsh;?/G[0aV-/(M
S8AS70PLhM heteropolymers. UNIT: VALUE / RANGE: PREFERRED: Molar Volume V m: mL mol-1: 59.7: Density : g mL-1: 0.89 0.93 - 0.97 (trans) 0.92 - 1.01 (cis) 0.89 0.95 0.96: Solubility Parameter : MPa 1/2: 14.7 - 18.6 14.6 - 17.6 (trans) 14.7 - 17.6 (cis) 17.0: Molar Cohesive Energy E coh: J mol-1: 12900 - 20700: 17300: Glass Transition Temperature T g: K: 166 - Polystyrene is also used in the process called structural foam molding. Woldeab H. Tesfamariam is a mechanical engineer with interests in industrial design and manufacturing. "}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What are the disadvantages of Polystyrene? Also, the repeat unit molecular weight for ethylene is ms = 2(AC) + 4(AH) = 2(12.01 g/mol) + 4(1.008 g/mol) = 28.05 g/mol The small beads to expand repeating unit of polystyrene join together Draw the structure of short. This material is in the fabrication of prosthetic devices that require good impact and! For example, polystyrene is shown below must be capable of being linked two! 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