This battle has major significance because it was the first meeting in combat of ironclad warships, USSMonitor and CSSVirginia. Hampton Roads - World's Greatest Harbor Marker. (function() { Virginia broke free, however, her ram breaking off as she backed away. (Courtesy of Mike Cecere/7th Virginia) HAMPTON In most histories exploring the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, the April 19, 1775, battles at Lexington and . The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Help Save 820 Acres at Five Virginia Battlefields, Save 343 Acres at FIVE Battlefields in FOUR Western Theater States, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield. At first, Jones believed the strange craftwhich one Confederate sailor mocked as "a cheese on a raft"to be a boiler being towed from the Minnesota, not realizing the nature of his opponent. Her name was a spelling variant of the river, namesake of USS Merrimack. Virginia headed directly for the Union squadron. The name of the warship that served the Confederacy in the Battle of Hampton Roads has been a continuing source of confusion and some contention. The Battle of Hampton Roads, also known as the Battle of the ironclads, occurred on March 9, 1862 between the U.S.S. At about this time, Monitor returned, only to discover her opponent apparently giving up the fight. Stodder was leaning against the turret's inside wall when it took a direct hit. The park contains several historical markers commemorating both ships. if (a[a9]) return; . googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; While she was being towed down the coast (under command of her fourth captain, Commander John P. Bankhead), the wind increased and with it the waves; with no high sides, the Monitor took on water. [76], Monitor likewise did not survive the year. They agree that the result of the MonitorVirginia encounter was not a victory for either side. Hampton Roads Conference, (Feb. 3, 1865), informal, unsuccessful peace talks at Hampton Roads, Va., U.S., between the Union and the Confederacy during the U.S. Civil War. [45] After Virginia had dealt with the surrender of Congress, she joined the James River Squadron despite her damage. 1. The Virginias attack on the USS Cumberland killed 121 out of 376 onboard and the subsequent attack on the USS Congress killed 27% of its crew 120 out of 434. To prevent any catastrophic gun bursting within the confined turret, each of the 11-inch guns was restricted to using 15-lb gunpowder charges. node.parentNode.insertBefore(gads, node); Requiring upwards of 800 tons of iron, there simply was not that much iron available. Oct 22, 2015 at 8:05 pm. The stately Buchanan House, current residence of Academy superintendents, is named after this famous Confederate admiral. "Application": "GoodreadsMonolith", Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. While Virginia was being prepared for renewal of the battle, and while Congress was still ablaze, Monitor, commanded by Lieutenant John L. Worden, arrived in Hampton Roads. When the Union ironclad U.S.S. When the Yankees invaded the James Peninsula two months after the Battle of Hampton Roads, the retreating Confederates scuttled the Virginia. The Battle of Hampton Roads, also referred to as the Battle of the Monitor and Merrimack (rebuilt and renamed as the CSS Virginia) or the Battle of Ironclads, was a naval battle during the American Civil War. The United States had spent a lot of money supporting the development of the, After the war, Brooke and Porter engaged in an unseemly fight for recognition as the originator of the, This is a more telling comment on the handicaps faced by the South than it may appear. Our FREE Virtual Teacher Institute is the can't miss online educator event of the summer. window.Mobvious = {}; Monitor and the C.S.S. Virginia, met off Sewell's Point on March 9, 1862, their drawn battle signalled the end for navies of wooden warships: everyone already knows that, too. [CDATA[ } googletag.pubads().setTargeting("author", [177344]); The whole rotated on a central spindle, and was moved by a steam engine that could be controlled by one man. [17] To further the blockade, the Union Navy stationed some of its most powerful warships in the roadstead. When Mallory's men searched the South for factories that could build engines to drive the heavy ships that he wanted, they found no place to do it immediately. [83] The revolving turret later inspired similar designs for future warships, which eventually became the modern battleship. }); John L. Worden, promoted to rear admiral after the war, was the commandant of the United States Naval Academy between 1869 and 1874. However, the cannon balls simply deflected off the iron ships. return false; try { [62] However, despite this, as the two Ironclads circled each other during the fight, the Monitor was about to penetrate the Virginias armor, but a misfiring of its weapons caused it to lose the advantage. [29] The revisions, together with the usual problems associated with the transportation system of the South, resulted in delays that pushed out the launch date until February 3, 1862, and she was not commissioned until February 17, bearing the name CSSVirginia. I think we have all felt like that at one time or another. Top Battle Of Hampton Roads Quotes If you are a musician and you don't show any interest on the business level then you are actually vulnerable and people will rip you off. [6] A new type of warship, monitor, was produced on the principle of the original. [58], After fighting for hours, mostly at close range, neither could overcome the other. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The arrival of the Monitor saved the Minnesota, and possibly many of the other Union's wooden ships. var stylesheet = document.createElement("link"); The anchor of Virginia sits on the lawn in front of the American Civil War Museum in Richmond. With justice on our side I do not see how we can loose our battle. )[13] The Union retained possession of Fort Monroe, at Old Point Comfort on the Virginia Peninsula. .__prevent_empty_css_file{width:0}.__prevent_empty_css_file{width:0}.__prevent_empty_css_file{width:0}.__prevent_empty_css_file{width:0}.__prevent_empty_css_file{width:0}.__prevent_empty_css_file{width:0}.__prevent_empty_css_file{width:0}.__prevent_empty_css_file{width:0}.__prevent_empty_css_file{width:0}.__prevent_empty_css_file{width:0}.__prevent_empty_css_file{width:0}.__prevent_empty_css_file{width:0}.__prevent_empty_css_file{width:0}.__prevent_empty_css_file{width:0}.__prevent_empty_css_file{width:0}.__prevent_empty_css_file{width:0}.__prevent_empty_css_file{width:0}.__prevent_empty_css_file{width:0}.__prevent_empty_css_file{width:0}.authorModuleDropdownMenu{width:180px;border-left:1px solid #D8D8D8;border-right:1px solid #D8D8D8;border-top:1px solid #D8D8D8}.authorModuleDropdownMenu__dropdownLink,.authorModuleDropdownMenu__dropdownLink:hover{display:block;text-align:left;padding:12px;font-family:"Lato", "Helvetica Neue", "Helvetica", sans-serif;font-size:14px;color:#000000;cursor:pointer}#authorInfo{display:-webkit-box;display:-moz-box;display:-ms-box;display:box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-moz-flex;display:-ms-flex;display:flex;padding:10px 10px 5px 10px}#authorInfo .authorInfoGroup{-webkit-box-flex:1;-moz-box-flex:1;-ms-box-flex:1;box-flex:1}#authorInfo .authorPhotoGroup{-webkit-box-flex:0;-moz-box-flex:0;-ms-box-flex:0;box-flex:0;margin-right:10px}#authorInfo .authorFollow{display:flex}#authorInfo .authorFollow .authorDropdownContainer{border-radius:3px;border:1px solid #D6D0C4;font-family:"Lato", "Helvetica Neue", "Helvetica", sans-serif;font-size:14px;-moz-appearance:none;-o-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;text-decoration:none;color:#333333;background-color:#F4F1EA;line-height:1;padding:8px 12px;font-size:16px;padding:12px 24px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;margin-left:0px;padding:0px;min-width:38px;height:32px;background-image:url(/assets/down-caret.png);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center;float:right}#authorInfo .authorFollow .authorDropdownContainer:disabled{border-color:#DDDDDD}#authorInfo .authorFollow .authorDropdownContainer:hover{color:#333333;background-color:#ede6d6;text-decoration:none}#authorInfo .authorFollow .authorDropdownContainer:active{background-color:#D6D0C4}#authorInfo .authorFollow .authorDropdownContainer:disabled{background-color:#F3F3F3;color:#cccccc}@media (max-width: 540px){#authorInfo .authorFollow .authorDropdownContainer{min-width:20px;width:27px}}#authorBooks{*zoom:1}#authorBooks:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}#authorBooks .sectionTitle{border-top:1px solid #CCCCCC;padding:10px 10px 0 10px;margin:0}.accordionContent{padding:0 10px}.authorBio{padding:0 10px;margin-bottom:10px}.authorBooksMeta{color:#999999;font-family:"Lato", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;padding:0 10px}.authorBooksMeta a{color:#00635D}.authorBooksTotalReviewCount:before,.authorBooksTotalRatingCount:before{content:"\00b7"}.authorDetailsList dt,.authorDetailsList dd{display:inline;margin:0}.authorDetailsList dd:after{content:'\A';white-space:pre}.authorDetailsList dt{font-weight:bold}.authorDetailsList dd{color:#999999;font-family:"Lato", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom:15px}.authorDetailsList dd a{color:#00635D}.authorSimilarAuthorsLink{padding:0 10px}.authorDistinctWorksLink{padding:0 10px;display:block;margin-bottom:10px}.authorFansLink{font-weight:bold}.authorInterviewsList{list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0}.authorInterviewsList .authorInterview{margin-bottom:15px}.authorInterviewsList .authorInterviewAt{color:#999999;font-family:"Lato", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif}.authorInterviewsList .authorInterviewAt a{color:#00635D}.authorInterviewsList .authorInterviewTitle{display:block}.authorName{margin-bottom:10px}.authorShortBio{color:#999999;font-family:"Lato", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif}.authorShortBio a{color:#00635D}.authorQuotesLink{margin-bottom:15px}.quotesList{border-top:1px solid #CCCCCC;margin-top:15px}.quotesPage{margin-left:10px}.noQuotes{margin-top:15px} [48], Ramming Cumberland nearly resulted in the sinking of Virginia as well. The new USS Monitor Center at the Mariners' Museum officially opened on March 9, 2007, and a full-scale copy of USS Monitor, the original recovered turret, and artifacts and related items are now on display. [10] Merrimack burned only to the waterline, however, and her engines were more or less intact. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! Monitor and the Merrimack (C.S.S. Cumberland before running aground the U.S.S. session: { id: "604-3115163-9100228" }, [71] Monitor, not severely damaged, remained on duty. This simple weapon, altogether similar to what one would have found on a Roman Trireme or Ottoman Galley, devastated the USS Cumberland. We hope that these ten interesting facts will help expand your knowledge and appreciation of this important Civil War naval battle. function(a9, a, p, s, t, A, g) { Ironically, as the ship became lighter it also became more vulnerable. Although it did not produce a conclusive result, the battle is considered historically important, since it was the first time that ironclad warships had met in battle. // Virginia's bow ram got stuck in the enemy ship's hull, and as Cumberland listed and began to go down, she almost pulled Virginia under with her. To prevent Union warships from attacking the yard, the Confederates set up batteries at Sewell's Point and Craney Island, at the juncture of the Elizabeth River with the James. The Battle of Hampton Roads, often called the Battle of Monitor and Merrimack, was a naval battle of the American Civil War, famous for being the first fight between two ironclad warships, the USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia (the latter rebuilt from the burned-out hull of the USS Merrimack ). HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. About OCW. return true; Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. Fact #1: The CSS Virginia and USS Monitor were not the first ironclad warships, but they were the first ironclads to battle against one another. return null; She was originally a screw frigate in the United States Navy carrying the name USSMerrimack. Battle of the Monitor and Merrimack, also called Battle of Hampton Roads, (March 9, 1862), in the American Civil War, naval engagement at Hampton Roads, Virginia, a harbour at the mouth of the James River, notable as history's first duel between ironclad warships and the beginning of a new era of naval warfare. It was commissioned on February 25, 1862, and arrived at Chesapeake Bay just in time to engage the Virginia. [44] The latter three got under way as soon as they saw Virginia approaching, but all soon ran aground. Both days of the battle attracted attention from almost all the world's navies. Removed to shore that evening, Buchanan turned over command of the Virginia to his executive officer, Lieutenant Catesby ap Roger Jones who would command the famous ironclad during its fight with the Monitor the next day. The blockade, initiated on April 30, 1861, cut off Norfolk and Richmond from the sea almost completely. And I'm sorry dad, no, I'm not making this up! pubID: '3211', adServer: 'googletag', bidTimeout: 4e3, params: { aps_privacy: '1YN' } [27] Trials showed that these rifles firing solid shot would pierce up to eight inches of armor plating. Schneller, "A state of war is a most unfavorable period for experiments." [15] With Fort Monroe went control of the lower Peninsula as far as Newport News. Abraham Lincoln had agreed for the first time since the start of the war to meet with representatives of the South. [30], Intelligence that the Confederates were working to develop an ironclad caused consternation for the Union, but Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles waited for Congress to meet to request permission to consider building armored vessels; Congress gave this permission on August 3, 1861. All Rights Reserved. Numerous fragile artifacts, including the innovative turret and its two Dahlgren guns, an anchor, steam engine, and propeller, have been recovered. [20][21] The use of armor remained controversial, however, and the United States Navy was generally reluctant to embrace the new technology. "Events.SushiEndpoint": "https://unagi.amazon.com/1/events/com.amazon.csm.csa.prod", That the thanks of Congress and the American people are due and are hereby tendered to Lieutenant J. L. Worden, of the United States Navy, and to the officers and men of the ironclad gunboat Monitor, under his command, for the skill and gallantry exhibited by them in the remarkable battle between the Monitor and the rebel ironclad steamer Merrimack. Welles assured his colleagues that they were safe as the ship could not traverse the Potomac River. [42], At this time, the Union Navy had five warships in the roadstead, in addition to several support vessels. googletag.pubads().setTargeting("surface", "mw"); Porter produced the revised plans, which were submitted to Mallory for approval. So we'll rally around the flag, rally around the flag. The Virginia steamed straight for the Cumberland and punched through its starboard bow with its mighty ram. Call Number: Online - free - HathiTrust. [5], The battle received worldwide attention, and it had immediate effects on navies around the world. Then I'ma give it to them tonight. googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); 7177; Tucker 2006, p. 151. 134178; Anderson 1962, pp. As the combat between ironclads was the primary significance of the battle, the general verdict is that the overall result was a draw. g = p.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; Even in the American Civil War, the Virginia and Monitor were not the first ironclads. [16], Forts Monroe and Wool gave the Union forces control of the entrance to Hampton Roads. [CDATA[ googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); Designed by Swedish engineer John Ericsson, the vessel had an unusually low profile, rising from the water only 18 inches. Merrimack, a 40-gun frigate launched in 1855. The carnage, havoc, and dismay caused by our fire compelled them to haul down their colors and to hoist a white flag at their gaff and half-mast another at the main. The Battle of Hampton Roads was fought March 8-9, 1862, and was part of the American Civil War (1861-1865). [63] Stodder was knocked unconscious and taken below, where it took him an hour to regain consciousness. In the period of command confusion, however, the crew of Virginia believed that their opponent had withdrawn. Virginia's draft was too great to permit her to pass up the river, which had a depth of only 18ft (5.5m), and then only under favorable circumstances. if (isRetina) { Rudy Giuliani I finally gave up my little law practice and stayed home for about three years. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. [CDATA[ The Monitor opened fire on its vulnerable adversary, yet the Virginia was able to scrape off the shore and rejoin the fight. The Monitor went down in bad weather off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, at the end of the year. The ships did not fight again, and the blockade remained in place. Ericsson's Monitor, which was built at Ericsson's yard on the East River in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, incorporated new and striking design features, the most significant of which were her armor and armament. The other two ships were the rather conventional. The Virginia's engines had not been fully tested and the armored shields for its broadside gun ports had not been installed, but these "minor details" did not greatly concern the ship's new captain, Franklin Buchanan. And it was here that the revolutionary USS Monitor, with its armored rotating turret would first enter combat. For ours is a battle not for wealth or for power. It is battle for freedom. Just into the second year of the Civil War, the Confederate Navy ship Virginia attacked a group of US Navy ships that were anchored in Hampton Roads, a roadstead off Norfolk, Virginia. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), U.S.S. (See map. Virginia put her wounded ashore and underwent temporary repairs. He demanded that a charge of 15 pounds be used to lessen this possibility. Two of her guns were disabled and several armor plates had been loosened. She burned through the rest of the day and most of the following night; shortly before dawn, the flames reached her magazine, and she blew up. Battle Of Hampton Roads Quotes Archers stood together, no matter what. As Lincoln's Cabinet met to discuss the disaster, the frightened Secretary of War Edwin Stanton told the others that Virginia might attack East coast cities, and even shell the White House before the meeting ended. "CacheDetection.RequestID": "CYQETXB5FTQ72Y6ZH0RB", USS Monitor became the prototype for the monitor warship type. Call Number: E467.1 .B76 2002. [8] Even before the extension, local troops seized the Norfolk area and threatened the Gosport Navy Yard in Portsmouth. Neither ship was seriously damaged, but the Monitor effectively ended the short reign of terror that the Confederate ironclad had brought to the Union fleet. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Learn More: USS Monitor: A Cheesebox on a Raft. The Virginia's armor penetrating capabilities were further reduced by its carrying only explosive shells, rather than solid shot. Trust are tax deductible to the prow. n't miss online educator event of the.!, p. 151 the Potomac River, one of Cumberland 's anchors was hanging above... 604-3115163-9100228 '' }, [ 71 ] Monitor, was produced on the Virginia direct hit engines! 1973, the battle. [ 45 ] after Virginia had suffered enough damage to require extensive repair,! Also known as the combat between ironclads was the first shot of the River, namesake of Merrimack! Revolutionary USS Monitor: a Cheesebox on a Raft he demanded that a charge of pounds. Known as the battle attracted attention from almost all the world 's navies the year, jones ordered her to! Battlefield Trust 's quarterly email series of curated stories for the Virginia by and about of. The ship scuttled time since the start of the Union retained possession of Monroe... } ; Monitor and the ship scuttled stodder was leaning against the turret 's inside wall when it took an. 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