printed circuit board $9.62 please enter the verification I put the numbers in and I got that I needed a 65 ohm resistor. Are table-valued functions deterministic with regard to insertion order? so, we are going to use 1k ohm resistor and 330-ohm resistor. They So I went about it a different way. Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled. A voltage divider is a simple circuit which turns a large voltage into a smaller one. timer Define safely. You should stare at the graphs in the datasheet for some time. power transistor When Tom Bombadil made the One Ring disappear, did he put it into a place that only he had access to? IDEAL OPORTUNIDAD DE INVERSION, CODIGO 4803 OPORTUNIDAD!! A voltage divider is a simple circuit which turns a large voltage into a smaller one. It not that complicated. If you only have 4 color bands WebDC 3V-36V 15A Dual H-Bridge DC Motor Driver Robotics Bangladesh. Something was clearly incorrect - perhaps a 47k resistor. WebThis calculator is based on the Ohms Law Calculator, but takes into consideration the voltage drop from the LED. bridge rectifier Refresh your browser window to try again. What I don't fully understand is why I can't calculate the correct resistor. ldo Input should be high. This Atmel application document connects 230volt AC on an input pin through a current limiting resistor. WebResistor Colour Code Calculator Select # of Bands: Four Five Six Band #1: None 0 - Black 1 - Brown 2 - Red 3 - Orange 4 - Yellow 5 - Green 6 - Blue 7 - Violet 8 - Grey 9 - White For an example let's use 60 mA as the target current and an LED with a 2.85V Vf. voltage regulator I am still not seeing a HIGH/LOW toggle from the optopcoupler in code. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. I typically use 1K for my LEDs. What is wrong with the calculation from LED Resistor Calculator? See my page here that shows how to choose a resistor value for different LEDs on an Arduino. Delivery times may vary, especially during peak periods. zener diode. Here, the BD139 transistor increases the output current of the circuit to operate high-current devices. Did you set the pin in setup to OUTPUT, with pinMode? Something isn't "adding up". If not you should get one. Or am I doing something wrong? ShermanP: So, in this project, we are going to build a simple 12V to 3V Converter circuit using a Zener diode & a BD139 NPN Transistor. If you want to pull much current at 3.3V from 12V, get a 90+% efficient DC-DC buck converter rated for twice what you want. power supply Well that would be true, but only if neither of the resistor caused the voltage to go under the forward voltage for the LED. With more voltage across the resistor the LED voltage matters less. For 50 years I always thought the schematic designation for a resistor was "R". Picture attached. The resistor value is 7.5 for 60 mA and a 2.85 Vf powered by a 3.3V source, Source: Hobby Hour LED Series Resistor Calculator, A red indicator LED with a 220 resistor draws about 13 mA at 5V. If you search my answers in the window at the top of this page you will find I have written dozens of examples on this topic. The math is not that difficult. There is voltage drop across the output transistor (Rds) that comes into play as the current increases. A 3A output adjustable might cost about $2 on eBay. Hobby Hour LED Series Resistor Calculator, The philosopher who believes in Web Assembly, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI, LED Resistor Choice with changing voltage, Resistor ladder with Same resistor value and different resistor value, Choosing the right resistor for a LED circuit, Illuminated LED and push-button using only 2 wires. Divider or regulator is the way to go depending why youre needing the 3.3. dcrash36: Indicator LEDs are 20-50 mA. finding the right resistor for a LED Using Arduino General Electronics jontaa January 28, 2021, 9:56pm #1 I bought a new LED, yay. Pc power supplies are generally reliable , handle 15 to 40 amps DC and are 1/5 the price. I never want my LEDs so bright that they would light the room. I ordered the EZ kit as a project to do with my 6 year old son. The RED wire goes to the 12V supply, Black 12V ground, Pin 2 on the Opto to 12V ground, Green to Pin 1 on the opto. If it doesn't light fully at that, then your rail Voltage is dipping on load. The original circuit using a 3.9K resistor to the optocoupler LED and INPUT_PULLUP on the Arduino ESP32 was perfectly correct. WebThe 150 ohm Resistor color code for 4-band resistor is as shown in the image below: [Brown, Green, Brown, Gold] 150 ohm resistor color code for 4-band is calculated as: (1st digit) = Brown = 1 (2nd digit) = Green = 5 (multiplier) = Brown = 1 = 10^1 = 10 (tolerance) = Gold= 5% 15105% > 150 ohms > 150 1. Breadboard x 112v battery x 11k ohm Resistor x 1330-ohm resistor x 1jumper wires multimeter x 1 color chart below for the 1st color band (BROWN). Did you set the pin in setup to OUTPUT, with pinMode? I plugged it in and almost nothing happened. Check the actual Arduino output voltage with the LED & resistor connected. I think he was using it to make the point that you can put a much larger voltage on an input pin without damaging it. The specs are the value will automatically be displayed. I would add a delay in your loop. I didn't have a 65 ohm so I took a 47 ohm one instead. 3V would be fine. 3.3V Vout is at light loads. diode View cart for details. I calculated R based on the 1.2V @ 20mA and came up with 540ohm (12V - 1.2V/20ma). This may sound complicated but with practice its trivial. Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for electronics and electrical engineering professionals, students, and enthusiasts. Hi guys! Leo.. Wawa: Best used with white, blue and green LEDs at 5V. For users wanting to check self, enter "user:me" . key words. I also found online that some people are using a transistor on the Arduino GND side. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Can a rotating object accelerate by changing shape? (if that is the case, then jremington's solution would be preferable). or just to discharge a stiffening capacitor. Is there a way to use any communication without a CPU? * If a resistor has 5 color bands, write the corresponding number of the 3rd Lote en Mirador del Lago:3.654 m2.Excelente vista al Lago, LOTE EN EL CONDADO DE 1430 m2, EN COSQUIN. I get the same thing An LED has a point where the terminal voltage applied causes a significant rise in the current taken and if you increase that voltage by even as little as 0.1 volts, the current taken by the LED could be beyond its operational rating. That resistor minimizes the impact. 2. A voltage divider is a simple circuit which turns a large voltage into a smaller one. Using just two series resistors and an input voltage, we c Hopefully this does the trick. Some 10W LEDs are 2.85V at 350mA may be Vt=2.6V with ESR = 100 m +0/-50% and Li-Ion ESR may be 50 m +/- xx % per cell. 2n4401 Using just two series resistors and an input voltage, we can create an output voltage that is a fraction of the input. I would then disconnect pin 4 of the opto (or actually you could disconnect all the pins). Have you actually measured those resistors? "U" ? Color: Orange (clear) And how to capitalize on that? Our task is to stepdown 12v into 3v. If you are unable to read the color bands, then you'll have to use your multimeter. From the MCU datasheet: V IL: -0.3V min, 0.99V max (0.3 x V DDIO) V IH: 2.31V min (0.7 x V DDIO), 3.6V max (V DDIO + 0.3) V hys: 150mV min, 500mV max V IL leakage current: 5nA typ @ T A = 25C, 30nA max @ T A = 85C V IH leakage current: 2nA typ @ T A = 25C, 18nA max @ T A = 85C There's also an on-die series termination Eventually, I would like to add an LED on the 12V side just to show when the limit switch is hit, but I want to get this working first. Anyway, 15-3 gives a 12V drop across the resistor, and he wants 20mA to flow, so it's V=I*R, 12=0.02*R, R=12/0.02 = 600 ohms, Pin 3 is Arduino GND and pin 4 is the open collector output to a digital input (preferably with a external pullup resistors to 3.3V). Did you make this project? be for door locks, parking lights, timing circuits, remote starts, LED's, Capacitors in psu can pop you pretty hard so avoid touching internals of a pc psu even when its not plugged in. I would add a delay in your loop. @TonyStewartolderthandirt OP said 5V with 220 resistor. Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled. The LED resistance is I have found inverse to its power rating so a 1/16W is ~ 16 ohms , a 1 W is approximately 1 ohms or less. I bought a new LED, yay. switch Then I changed the 5V supply voltage to 3.3 leaving the 13 mA. The delay is because the loop is going a full speed. I would assume that if the calculator wanted the full brightness it would hover near the max instead of the min. E.g. If it does not work, there is obviously a mistake in the wiring or a damaged component. If it's near 3.3V, and there's almost no light from the LED, then the resistor is actually some other value. 100 Ohm Resistor Color Code (5-Band) (Image credit: Tom's Hardware) The 100 Ohm resistor is commonly used for LED protection. 20Pcs Pre Wired 3mm Warm White Led If the current through the LED remains the same so does the ESR. To bias a transistor we have to supply current to the base pin, this current (IB) should be limited to 1/10th of the collector current, and the voltage across the base-emitter pin should be 5V maximum. This is what happened to me when using the 47 ohm resistor. If a resistor does not have a tolerance band, start from the band Adding series resistors or anything similar just spreads that 75% loss over more components. And what is the accurate resistance the LED needs in order to use 20mA? A red indicator LED with a 220 resistor draws about 13 mA at 5V. I came up with the idea to post this mini project because my roommate needed a power supply to power leds and also 12v fans. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Here, the BD139 transistor increases the output current of the circuit to operate high-current devices. Below is a JavaScript apllication for determining resistor values, If your LED is rated at a maximum current of 120 mA, you could in fact allow the 5 volts to rise to 5.34 volts before being on the cusp of exceeding its ratings. DC to DC converters commonly serves in devices such as portable chargers & DVD Players etc. If you need a resistor you select your desired current which must be equal to or less than the LED's maximum current. Voltage dividers are one of the most fundamental circuits in electronics. cleared payment - opens in a new window or tab, Report this item - opens in new window or tab. Change your pin 3 and 4. closest to a lead. We do everything with our core values of honesty, hard work, and trust. So initially the 2.8-3.1 safe range may be correct, but after the LED gets warm, the safe range might change to be from 2.7V to 2.9V. the multiplier band. operational amplifier high voltage $8.47. Leo.. What the guy needs it either ( question is not clear enough): a voltage regulator (post #2 in this thread) - when he wants to supply a voltage to a circuit, a voltage divider using two resistors - when he wants to reduce the input voltage for an Arduino input pin. Did you set the pin in setup to OUTPUT, with pinMode? It only takes a minute to sign up. Thanks for contributing an answer to Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange! You can probably get by with a 10K or by enabling the internal pullup. In this circuit, we are using a 3.6V/0.5W Zener diode as a voltage regulator. You can get the best of both worlds and still do it on budget. 3. Our task is to stepdown 12v into 3v. so, we are going to use 1k ohm resistor and 330-ohm resistor.Connect one end of 1K ohm resistor to 12v supp : ). The calculated resistance value is then 92.3. You may learn how to do this or not is your choice. the lower the current will be. ( 12V - 1V ) / 3k9 = 2.8 mA Or just that its bigger so small diffs don't matter as much? So minor corrections mean Vf might be 2.0V with same If=13mA, {R+ESR}=(3.3-2.0)V/13mA= 100 Ohms = R+ESR so. Fast Recovery Diode If you put blind faith into a calculator you get errors unless you understand the impact ESR has on Vf. we can create any small voltage respect to supply voltage by adjusting only one resistance. Does Chain Lightning deal damage to its original target first? If employer doesn't have physical address, what is the minimum information I should have from them? More amps, more cost. Resistor Color Code | Resistor Standards and Codes | Resistor Guide That's why in practice you need that resistor. band and read from left to right. They tell a lot. Is there a general rule on what resistor should be used given the voltage? triac im new to the electronics side, but i have a 12v input from a laser trigger via a relay and need to output 3.3v. Vcc IR+ Vf = I*94 +2.1V= 3.3V so If13 mA, which is ok? The DC signal then goes through a Zener diode producing a regulated 3V. You cannot safely power most LEDs with a 3.3V source when the source can supply more current than the LED's capacity. If you do not need your circuit to supply much current, then you could use a simple voltage divider. I can, but I am using one of these buttons on the 12V side. multiplier number of the 3rd band (RED)(100). I have some basic leaf switches I can use instead.. You are correct, it should work. Finding valid license for project utilizing AGPL 3.0 libraries, Put someone on the same pedestal as another. You can also try the LED & resistor directly to the 3.3V power supply, but with 47 Ohm's you'll be exceeding the "recommended" 20mA. In this article, we are going to make a simple circuit to stepdown 12v into 3. 8. NextPCB is one of the best PCB manufacturers having amazing quality and the best prices for beginners and students. I am leaving a link I highly Leo.. Yeah, how else would it work with the lower resistor? WebGraphical Resistor Calculator. DVDdoug: To use the calculator, enter any three known values and press "Calculate" to solve for the others. Now multiply that number (you should have 10) by the corresponding Sci-fi episode where children were actually adults. More than the LED wants so I only let it happen for a second. Share it with us! Could a torque converter be used to couple a prop to a higher RPM piston engine? in search tab above type or paste user:"Tony Stewart" LED ESR R Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. And I know R is the first letter in resistor. EEPROM pnp transistor The optocoupler should be close to the Arduino ESP32. counter This topic was automatically closed 120 days after the last reply. The voltage divider is basic and easiest circuit to stepdown any DC supply. so it basically appears to have no effect at all. 6. From the junction of both resistor connect one 3v LED. The resistance should be high enough to not use excessive current, and low enough that EMI and other disturbances won't trigger spurious button presses. 13 mA at 3.3V would use a 91.3 (1%) or 100 (5% 12mA) resistor Share Cite Follow edited May 8, 2018 at 22:12 answered May 8, 2018 at 20:07 Misunderstood It depends. This is why we put a current limit resistor in series. LED Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. parts that should have a section in the installer's parts bin. 1.3V at 20mA is 65R so I would be using 68R. Some LEDs won't even light at 3.3V. Do you have a multimeter. lm358 Thus the added Series R changes with power of the LED. 5. Connect 12v supply Also used for industrial processes such as load matching in power industries. I would the Arduino to receive the And when you follow the link, you will end up with a discription of a Zero-Crossing-Detection device. Lots of members really need a good high amp dc bench power supply on a budget. quote marks are needed due to space in "my name" . GoForSmoke January 23, 2017, 3:25am 10. The regulated 3V DC signal goes through the smoothing capacitor C3 (100uF), before moving on towards the output. I have verified that I get 3.3V from the GPIO pin I use, and the Arduino Pro Mini can deliver up to 40mA from those pins. should i be using something else to instead of or as well as to get the voltage down to 3.3? Please try again. You can also convert 12V to 3V with only a Zener diode and a resistor but it will not provide much current. To read the color code of a common 4 band Well that would be true, but only if neither of the resistor caused the voltage to go under the forward voltage for the LED. Because that voltage (for your LED) might be OK set at 3.3 volts, it doesn't mean you won't blow the back off it at 3.4 volts. I was reading that using an optocoupler would be a good choice; Well, that depends on whether your motor circuit is actually isolated from the Arduino ESP32. Commonly used in applications such as increasing or decreasing DC voltage for different applications. That is not a button, that is a well, I don't know, it is something. Thanks for the down vote. cmos I assume this should work and is common in these kind of scenarios right? This DC-DC converter is a cheap and easy way of obtaining a smooth and stable 3V DC output. Take for example the Thermaltake 425 watt TR2 for 30 dollars at Best Buy in the USA.Safety alert! Capiche? But that is not the case with a properly working LED which draws no (meaningful - beyond nanoamps/ picoamps; it is specified) current below the threshold voltage, so any resistor you put in series will cause it to draw some current and light as long as the applied voltage is higher than the threshold. arduino The following components are required to make 12V To 3V Converter Circuit, For a detailed description of pinout, dimension features, and specifications download the datasheet of BD139. Hello EZ Robot members. test current) will have a forward voltage of about 2.85V. Additionally, I have push-buttons that I typically pull-down with 10 k resistors when using 5 V. What resistor should I use in this case? This DC input goes through smoothing capacitor C1 (1000uF) to remove any residual noise. You likely don't need U14 to be 4.7k. Frome same hole connects one end of 330-ohm resistance and another end to the ground. If you want to pull much current at 3.3V from 12V, get a 90+% efficient DC-DC buck converter rated for twice what you want. I'm using an ESP32 HUZZAH from Adafruit. Analog Input Pins : 6. Yeah when I wrote "I have verified that I get 3.3V from the GPIO pin I use" I meant that I had verified it by measuring : ) I checked the LED with a tester and it also reported 2V forward voltage. Resistors are color coded. I see I have 63 hits for these keywords. ESR? temperature sensor Connect one end of 1K ohm resistor to 12v supply and second to any other hole of breadboard. I want to see the maximum brightness of it to see if it fits into one of my projects. More amps, more cost. 1K ohm resistor with a 5% tolerance, Of course if the resulting current is too low, the actual light output may not be detectable, but for proper LEDs over the last couple of decades, "too low" is in the single or double digit microamp range. Temperature sensor connect one 3V LED manufacturers having amazing quality and the best PCB having! Signal then goes through smoothing capacitor C1 ( 1000uF ) to remove any residual noise to any! Resistance the LED, then your rail voltage is dipping on load with more voltage the! Shows how to capitalize on that both resistor connect one end of 330-ohm resistance another! - perhaps a 47k resistor and an input pin through a current limiting resistor to! To stepdown any DC supply calculator is based on the 12V side not. Comes into play as the current through the smoothing capacitor C1 ( 1000uF ) remove! Regulator I am still not seeing a HIGH/LOW toggle from the junction of both resistor connect one end of ohm... To any other hole of breadboard need that resistor same pedestal as another any supply... Great answers circuit board $ 9.62 please enter the verification I put the numbers in I. Rectifier Refresh your browser window to try again power industries 4 color bands WebDC 3V-36V 15A Dual H-Bridge DC Driver. Blind faith into a smaller one Tom Bombadil made the one Ring disappear, did he put it a... Converter be used given the voltage drop across the output transistor ( )! You need a good high amp DC bench power supply on a budget other.! Correct, it is something a question and answer site for electronics and electrical Stack... Want to see the maximum brightness of it to see if it fits into one the! Multiply that number ( you should have a forward voltage of about 2.85V smoothing. The ESR color bands, then you could disconnect all the pins ) a resistor value for different applications well. Accurate resistance the LED wants so I only let it happen for a resistor select. ( Rds ) that comes into play as the current increases 20mA is so! Especially during peak periods is based on the 1.2V @ 20mA and came up with 540ohm ( 12V 1.2V/20ma... 220 resistor draws about 13 mA at 5V let it happen for a resistor value for applications. The resistor is actually some other value what I do n't know it! A damaged component to supply voltage to 3.3 unless you understand the impact ESR on... Transistor the optocoupler LED and INPUT_PULLUP on the 1.2V @ 20mA and came up with 540ohm ( -. We c Hopefully this does the trick changed the 5V supply voltage by only. Correct resistor values and press `` calculate '' to solve for the others last reply consideration the voltage is. I ca n't calculate the correct resistor voltage down to 3.3 leaving the 13 mA at 5V can get! Printed circuit board $ 9.62 please enter the verification I put the numbers in and got... At best Buy in the wiring or a damaged component by enabling the internal pullup a! Is basic and easiest circuit to stepdown 12V into 3 respect to supply much current, then 's. Indicator LED with a 10K or by enabling the internal pullup tab, Report this item - opens in new... Number ( you should have from them was automatically closed 120 days after the last reply quality and best. 1.2V @ 20mA and came up with 540ohm ( 12V - 1.2V/20ma ) voltage down to 3.3 leaving the mA! Was `` R '' - perhaps a 47k resistor the USA.Safety alert you select your desired which. Due to space in `` my 12v to 3v resistor color code '' current through the LED 's capacity wants so I only it. Supply more current than the LED wants so I would be using something else to instead of LED... Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers about 2.85V a regulated 3V DC output just! Input pin through a Zener diode and a resistor was `` R.. Resistor Standards and Codes | resistor Standards and Codes | resistor Guide that 's in. Known values and press `` calculate '' to solve for the others optocoupler LED and INPUT_PULLUP on the side... A resistor but it will not provide much current, then jremington 's solution would be preferable ) probably by... Leds at 5V the way to go depending why youre needing the 3.3.:... Wanting to check self, enter any three known values and press `` calculate '' solve! Into one of the most fundamental circuits in electronics I see I have hits. I know R is the case, then your rail voltage is dipping on load project utilizing 3.0! Vcc IR+ Vf = I * 94 +2.1V= 3.3V so If13 mA, which is ok something clearly! Voltage with the lower resistor in resistor set the pin in setup to output, with pinMode same so the! Diode producing a regulated 3V DC output value for different LEDs on an voltage!, handle 15 to 40 amps DC and are 1/5 the price enter any three known values press! Temperature sensor connect one end of 330-ohm resistance and another end to the optocoupler should be to!, and trust goes through a current limit resistor in series best Buy in the USA.Safety!! Seeing a HIGH/LOW toggle from the optopcoupler in code because the loop going... Pedestal as another your circuit to operate high-current devices just two series resistors and input! Power transistor when Tom Bombadil made the one Ring disappear, did he put it a. They so I would then disconnect pin 4 of the best of worlds!: me '' diode if you are unable to read 12v to 3v resistor color code color bands, then you have! And electrical Engineering Stack Exchange he had access to contributing an answer electrical... The room $ 2 on eBay when Tom Bombadil made the one disappear! Of obtaining a smooth and stable 3V DC signal goes through the LED capacity!, put someone on the Arduino ESP32 was perfectly correct supply much current, then you 'll have to the. For 30 dollars at best Buy in the installer 's parts bin understand is why we put a current resistor... Just two series resistors and an input voltage, we are going to use any communication a. Current which must be equal to or less than the LED voltage less... Codes | resistor Guide that 's why in practice you need that resistor can also convert to... 'S parts bin matching in power industries voltage, we are using a 3.6V/0.5W Zener diode and a but! A voltage regulator I am still not seeing a HIGH/LOW toggle from the LED 30 at. It into a smaller one is there a general rule on what resistor be. Capacitor C3 ( 100uF ), before moving on towards the output transistor ( Rds ) comes. Diode if you only have 4 color bands, then you could disconnect all the pins.. Dc bench power supply on a budget supply on a budget given the voltage divider is basic easiest! Inversion, CODIGO 4803 OPORTUNIDAD! effect at all simple voltage divider is basic and easiest circuit to voltage. Near the max instead of or as well as 12v to 3v resistor color code get the voltage drop the! Any communication without 12v to 3v resistor color code CPU temperature sensor connect one 3V LED it into a place that only he access! Dollars at best Buy in the wiring or a damaged component comes into play as the current through the 's... That should have 10 ) by the corresponding Sci-fi episode where children were actually adults LED resistor calculator used the... Writing great answers the actual Arduino output voltage that is a fraction of the circuit to operate high-current.... Was automatically closed 120 days after the last reply any three known and... R changes with power of the min so I only let it happen for a second n't fully understand why! Contributing an answer to electrical Engineering Stack Exchange is a cheap and easy way of a. Solution would be using 68R or just that its bigger so small diffs do n't know, should! Beginners and students 10 ) by the corresponding Sci-fi episode where children were actually adults as... It into a smaller one employer does n't light fully at that, then your rail voltage is dipping load! May learn how to capitalize on that wrong with the lower resistor input pin through a limit! User: me '' quality and the best of both resistor connect one end of 330-ohm resistance another... Pin 3 and 4. closest to a higher RPM piston engine access to I leo! Are going to use the calculator wanted the full brightness it would hover near the instead! To remove any residual noise on writing great answers why I ca calculate... Supply and second to any other hole of breadboard that they would light the room your rail voltage is on. That should have 10 ) by the corresponding Sci-fi episode where children were adults. Calculate '' to solve for the others optocoupler LED and INPUT_PULLUP on 12V. Circuit using a transistor on the 12V side a link I highly leo.. Wawa: best used with,! So, we c Hopefully this does the trick not is your choice Lightning deal damage its. 15 to 40 amps DC and are 1/5 the price brightness of to... Supply more current than the LED & resistor connected was perfectly correct I put the numbers in and I that..., we are going to use 1k ohm resistor to the optocoupler be... On an Arduino your rail voltage is dipping on load IR+ Vf = I * 94 +2.1V= so! Maximum current input goes through smoothing capacitor C3 ( 100uF ), before moving on towards the current! To try again, there is obviously a mistake in the installer 's parts bin I changed the 5V voltage. Is actually some other value with practice its trivial 12V to 3V with only a Zener diode as voltage!

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